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Di Imaging 2 > Test 2 Extremities > Flashcards

Test 2 Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Forces and resultant force

Tension

A

Transverse

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2
Q

Forces and resultant force

Compression

A

Oblique

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3
Q

Forces and resultant force

Rotation

A

Spiral

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4
Q

Forces and resultant force

Angulation

A

Transverse

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5
Q

Forces and resultant force

Angulation and compression

A

Transverse and oblique

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6
Q

Apposition

A

Describes the closeness of the bony contact at the fracture site

Describe offset of the distal in relation to the proximal

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7
Q

Alignment

A

Position of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal in the longitudinal axis

The degree of angulation

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8
Q

Rotation

A

Produced by a twisting force along the longitudinal axis

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9
Q

Rates of fractures in males

A

Highest in 2-3rd decade (10-29) and after 65years

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10
Q

Rates of fractures for females

A

Up to 20 years and after 45 years

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11
Q

FOOSH Injuries

<5

A

Supracondylar fx

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12
Q

FOOSH Injuries

5-10

A

Transverse radial metaphysis FX

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13
Q

FOOSH Injuries

10-16

A

Epiphyseal separation of the distal radius

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14
Q

FOOSH Injuries

16-35

A

Scaphoid FX

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15
Q

FOOSH Injuries

>40 years

A

Colles/ulna Fx

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16
Q

FOOSH Injuries

70+ years

A

Surgical neck of humeral FX

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17
Q

Epiphyseal injuries are most common during what age ranges because it is the weakness area of the bone

A

10-16

Elderly

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18
Q

Flap fracture

A

Avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity

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19
Q

Flap fracture with greater than 1cm of displacement indicates what

A

Rotator cuff disruption

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20
Q

Bankart lesion

A

Avulsion of inferior glenoid

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21
Q

Hill sack deformity/hatchet deformity

A

Impaction fracture of humeral head with glenoid fossa

Fracture seen on humeral head at superior lateral aspect

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22
Q

Luxatio erecta

A

Inferior dislocation of the shoulder

Severe abduction injury

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23
Q

MC mechanism for subcoracoid anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Extension, abduction and external rotation

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24
Q

Trough line sign

A

Double articular line seen with posterior shoulder dislocations

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25
Q

Rim sign

A

Widened joint space more than 6mm seen with posterior shoulder dislocation

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26
Q

MC elbow injury in children

A

Supracondylar FX (60%)

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27
Q

MC elbow injury in adults

A

Radial head/neck (50%)

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28
Q

What is the MC site of dislocation in children

A

Elbow

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29
Q

What is the 3rd MC dislocation site in adults

A

Elbow

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30
Q

MC direction for elbow dislocation

A

Posterior/posterio-lateral

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31
Q

Nightstick/perry fracture

A

Oblique fracture of distal shaft of the ulna

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32
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

Spiral/oblique fracture of the distal radius with slight dislocation of distal radio-ulnar articulation

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33
Q

Monteggia fx

A

Oblique FX of proximal ulna with anterior dislocation of proximal radio-ulna articulation (mostly anterior radius)

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34
Q

MC forearm fracture in a child

A

Torus fracture

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35
Q

Dinner fork deformity

A

Colles fracture

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36
Q

Colles fX

A

FX of radius 1-1/2 inches proximal to carpals with dorsal angulation of distal fragment

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37
Q

Smith FX

A

Radius fracture 1-1/2 inches proximal to carpals with anterior/volar angulation of distal fragment

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38
Q

Bartons FX

A

FX of posterior rim of radius with posterior dislocation of carpals

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39
Q

Hutchinson’s FX aka?

A

Chauffeur’s Fox

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40
Q

Hutchinson’s FX

A

FX of radial styloid

Usually non-displaced

41
Q

Mc site for occult fracture

A

Scaphoid

42
Q

Mc fractured carpal

A

Scaphoid

43
Q

Pooping bird sign

A

Avulsion fracture on dorsal aspect of triquetrum

44
Q

MC carpal dislocation

A

Perilunate

45
Q

Pie sign

A

Lunate dislocation

46
Q

A triangular lunate is seen with what two things and when is the sign called?

A

Perilunate and lunate dislocation. The sign is only called pie sign in lunate dislocation

47
Q

Perilunate dislocation

A

Lunate articulates properly but distal carpals MC dislocated posteriorly

48
Q

What is associated 75% of the time with perilunate dislocation?

A

Scaphoid fracture

49
Q

Lunate dislocation

A

Pie sign, lunate dislocated mc anteriorly

50
Q

Rotatory subluxation of scaphoid with scaphoid-lunate instability

A

Ring sing, wide scaphoid-lunate articulation and appearance of shortened scaphoid

51
Q

Terry Thomas sign

A

Widened scaphoid-lunate articulation

52
Q

Scapholunate instability only

A

Terry Thomas sign

53
Q

Boxers FX

A

FX to the neck of the 4/5th MC with anterior angulation of distal fragment

54
Q

Baseball/mallet finger

A 
Avulsion fracture of the extensor tendon on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx
Hyperflexion mechanism (due to blow to the end of the finger)
55
Q

Gamekeepers thumb

A

Avulsion fracture of ulnar collateral ligament (medial side) at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1

56
Q

Posterior hip dislocation

A

Femur superior

Flexion MOI

57
Q

Anterior hip dislocation

A

Inferior femur

Abduction and external rotation MOI

58
Q

FBI sign

A

Lipohemoarthrosis—> intra-articular femur fracture. Sign seen above the patella

59
Q

Compression fracture

A

Inner femur neck

Low risk

60
Q

Tension fracture

A

Outer femur neck

Increased risk

61
Q

X-ray findings that you should suspect ACL tear

A

Segonds FX/ avulsion FX of tibial spine

62
Q

Segonds FX

A

Cortical avulsion fracture of lateral portion of lateral tibial plateau
75-100% associated with ACL tear!!

63
Q

Toddler’s FX

A

Spiral FX of tibia

64
Q

Maisonneve Fx

A

Transverse fracture of medial malleolus and wide tibiofibular syndessmosis and oblique fracture of proximal fibula

65
Q

MC fractured tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus (due to compressive forces from falls)

66
Q

Jones/Dancer fracture

A

Transverse fracture at the base of the 5th MT
Due to peroneous brevis tendon and inversion injuries
(Normal apophysis is vertical)

67
Q

Lisfranc dislocation

A

Dislocation of tarsometatarsals

Associated with diabetes

68
Q

Chopart’s dislocation

A

Midtarsal dislocation

Rare

69
Q

Salter Harris type 1

A

Shear injury of physis

70
Q

Salter Harris 2

A

Fracture through metaphysis and physis

Thurston holland sign (metaphyseal fragment)

71
Q

Salter Harris 3

A

Fracture through physis and epiphysis

72
Q

Salter Harris 4

A

Fracture of physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

73
Q

Salter 5

A

Compression fracture of physis

74
Q

Metaphyseal fragment of what salter harris is called what?

A

Salter Harris type 2 called thurston holland

75
Q

Thurston holland

A

Metaphyseal fragment of type 2 salter Harris

76
Q

Most common salter Harris injury

A

Type 2-metaphysis and physis

77
Q

What salter Harris fractures produce an intra-articular fracture?

A

Type 3,4

78
Q

Grade 2 AC injury

A

AC ligament torn (more than 5mm)

Less than 50% elevated

79
Q

Grade 3 AC injury

A

AC and coracoclavicular ligament torn (more than 13mm)

More than 50% elevated

80
Q

Mc type of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior 97%

81
Q

Mc type of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Subcoracoid

82
Q

XRAY findings of anterior subcoracoid shoulder dislocation

A

Humeral head lies anterior and inferior
Squared appearance of shoulder
(May cause impaction fracture of humeral head via glenoid fossa-hill Sachs/hatchet)

83
Q

XRAY findings for rotator cuff tears/chronic injury

A

Narrowing of acromiohumerual joint space (less than 6mm)
Erosion of the inferior aspect of acromian
Flattening and atrophy of greater tuberosity
Elevation of humerus
Osteophytes/cystic changes

84
Q

Critical zone what and describe

A

Seen with rotator cuff tears

Area of hyper intense signal in supraspinatous tendon on T1 (normal tendon= black)

85
Q

MC elbow injury in child? Adult?

A

Child: supracondylar
Adult: radial head/neck

86
Q

Chizel fx

A

Radial neck fracture

87
Q

Ossification centers of the elbow

A 
CRITOE: 1,3,5,7,9,11
Capitellum: 1
Radial head: 3
Internal/medial epicondyle: 5
Trochlea: 7
Olecranon: 9
External/lateral epicondyle: 11
88
Q

Hickory stick fracture

A

Green stick fracture (incomplete fracture)

89
Q

Normal tilt of scaphoid-radial articulation

A

Normally has 15 degree anterior tilt

90
Q

Signet ring appearance seen with?

A

Rotator subluxation of the scaphoid (with scapholunate instability if terry Thomas sign)

91
Q

Bennetts fracture

A

Oblique fracture of the base of the first metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation of the first metacarpal

MC injury to 1st Metacarpal
INTRA-ARTICULAR!

92
Q

Rolandos fracture

A

Comminuted Bennett’s fracture.

Comminuted intra-articular Oblique fracture at the base of the 1st metacarpal

93
Q

MC type of femur fracture

A

Intracapsular—most complications

94
Q

MC intracapsular femur fracture

A

Subcapital

95
Q

MRI findings or torn ACL/PCL

A

T2= white is torn

96
Q

O’Donoghue’s triad

A

ACL tear
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscal

97
Q

Boehler’s normal angle? Abnormal?

A

Normal: 28+ degrees
Abnormal: under 28 degrees= calcaneal fracture

98
Q

Patient with calcaneal fracture—also evaluate where for what

A

T/L spine for associated compression fracture

Di Imaging 2 (5 decks)

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