TEST 2 Esophageal disorders Flashcards
name different esophageal disorders
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Hiatal Hernia
- Esophageal Cancer
- Esophageal diverticula
- Esophageal strictures
- Achalasia
- Esophageal varices
What is a hiatal hernia
Herniation of portion of stomach into esophagus through an opening or hiatus in diaphragm.
–some portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm and gets trapped about the diaphragm.
what are other names for Hiatal hernia
diaphragmatic hernia
OR
esophageal hernia
most common abnormality found on upper GI Xray
Hiatal Hernia
Hiatal hernia is more common in what group of people
older adults and women
what are the two types of hiatal hernia
Sliding
AND
Paraesophageal or rolling
Sliding
stomach slides through hiatal opening in diaphragm when patient is supine, goes back into abdominal cavity when patient is standing upright
-MOST COMMON hiatal hernia
Paraesophageal or Rolling
Esophagastric junction remains in place but funds and greater curvature of stomach roll up through diaphragm
Why is paraesophageal hiatal hernia an emergency?
Medical emergency because positive pressure organ is in area of negative pressure about diaphragm. Stomach becomes ischemic and has problems with blood flow
factors that cause hiatal hernia
- structural changes (weakening of muscles in diaphragm)
- increased intraabdominal pressure from:
- ***obesity
- ***pregnancy
- ***heavy lifting
- ***Ascites
- ***tumors
- ***intense physical exertion
S/S of hiatal hernia
- maybe asymptomatic
- heartburn
- dysphagia
- s/s similar to GERD
what are some precipitating factors of pain for patients with hiatal hernia
Things that can cause pain
- bending over
- large meals
- alcohol
- smoking
Complications of Hiatal Hernia
- GERD
- esophagitis-swelling form acid burning
- Hemorrhage from erosion
- Stenosis from scaring
- Ulceration of herniated portion
- strangulation of the hernia
- regurgitation with tracheal aspiration
- Increased risk of respiratory problems
When does strangulation of the hernia occur
when patient turns the wrong way. medical emergency
Diagnostic studies used for hiatal hernia
Esophagogram (barium swallow)
Endoscopy (EGD)
