Test 2 Chat GPT Flashcards
Which of the following is not a determinant of personality?
a) Heredity
b) Environment
c) Peer Influence
d) Situation
c) Peer Influence
Answer to question 1
Which of the following personality traits is not part of the Big Five?
a) Agreeableness
b) Openness to experience
c) Machiavellianism
d) Conscientiousness
c) Machiavellianism
Answer to question 2
The MBTI is generally considered a reliable tool for measuring job performance.
False
Answer to question 3
What are two characteristics of a proactive personality?
Takes initiative, perseveres until meaningful change occurs
Answer to question 4
According to the Dark Triad model, which trait is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance and the need for admiration?
a) Psychopathy
b) Machiavellianism
c) Narcissism
d) Neuroticism
c) Narcissism
Answer to question 5
Define core self-evaluation (CSE) and list two traits it encompasses.
Core self-evaluation refers to basic conclusions that individuals hold about themselves; it includes self-esteem and emotional stability.
Answer to question 6
Type A personality is typically characterized by:
a) Relaxed behavior and patience
b) High competitiveness and urgency
c) Strong need for validation
d) High openness to experience
b) High competitiveness and urgency
Answer to question 7
Gender differences in personality often show that women tend to score higher in which Big Five dimension?
a) Neuroticism
b) Conscientiousness
c) Agreeableness
d) Openness
c) Agreeableness
Answer to question 8
Motivation refers to:
a) The biological need for social connections
b) The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence toward attaining a goal
c) The ability to manage others’ emotions in a work setting
d) The organizational policies that improve employee well-being
b) The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence toward attaining a goal
Answer to question 9
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
a) Enjoying problem-solving at work
b) Receiving a bonus for completing a project
c) Feeling personal satisfaction after finishing a task
d) Being inspired to learn by curiosity
b) Receiving a bonus for completing a project
Answer to question 10
List two differences between Alderfer’s ERG theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Alderfer’s ERG theory allows for the pursuit of multiple needs at once; Maslow’s hierarchy requires lower needs to be satisfied first.
Answer to question 11
According to Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, hygiene factors refer to:
a) Factors that lead to job satisfaction
b) Factors that prevent dissatisfaction
c) Factors that motivate employees to achieve more
d) Factors related to job enrichment
b) Factors that prevent dissatisfaction
Answer to question 12
T/F. Theory X managers believe that employees inherently dislike work and need tight supervision.
True
Answer to question 13
In Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, “Expectancy” refers to:
a) Whether an individual values a particular outcome
b) Whether achieving the outcome will lead to rewards
c) Whether an individual believes that their effort will lead to performance
d) Whether a person feels fairly compensated
c) Whether an individual believes that their effort will lead to performance
Answer to question 14
Perception is the process of:
a) Interpreting all information equally from the environment
b) Organizing and interpreting sensory input to give meaning to the environment
c) Receiving external stimuli and automatically forming a judgment
d) Adapting one’s behavior based on past experiences
b) Organizing and interpreting sensory input to give meaning to the environment
Answer to question 15
What are the three stages of the perception process?
Attention and selection, organization, interpretation and retrieval
Answer to question 16
T/F. The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to external factors rather than internal traits.
False
Answer to question 17
What are the three stages of the perception process?
Attention and selection, organization, interpretation and retrieval
Example sentence: The three stages of the perception process are crucial for understanding how individuals make sense of their environment.
T/F. The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to external factors rather than internal traits.
False
What is selective perception?
Screening out information that contradicts one’s beliefs
Example sentence: Selective perception can lead individuals to ignore information that challenges their existing beliefs.
Define the self-serving bias.
The self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Example sentence: The self-serving bias can impact how individuals perceive their own achievements and setbacks.
Attitudes consist of which three components?
Cognitive, affective, behavioral
Example sentence: Understanding the three components of attitudes is essential for analyzing how individuals form opinions and react to situations.
T/F. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is consistency between one’s behavior and attitudes.
False
What is a major cause of job satisfaction?
Job conditions
Example sentence: Job conditions, such as workload and workplace environment, play a significant role in determining an individual’s job satisfaction.
Organizational commitment refers to:
A person’s loyalty to the organization and its goals
Example sentence: Organizational commitment is crucial for creating a cohesive and motivated workforce dedicated to achieving common objectives.
Define job satisfaction and give one factor that influences it.
Job satisfaction is a positive feeling about one’s job; it is influenced by job conditions, such as the work environment and social interactions.
Example sentence: Job satisfaction can impact an individual’s overall well-being and productivity in the workplace.
According to the text, which of the following is a consequence of high job satisfaction?
Increased customer satisfaction
Example sentence: High job satisfaction among employees can lead to improved customer satisfaction due to better service delivery and positive interactions.
What is one way to stay motivated when you feel uninspired at work?
Break tasks into smaller steps and focus on progress.
Example sentence: Breaking down tasks into manageable steps can help individuals maintain motivation and a sense of accomplishment.
In Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, which combination leads to the most ideal work environment?
High motivator, high hygiene
Example sentence: Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory emphasizes the importance of both motivator and hygiene factors in creating a conducive work environment.
McGregor’s Theory Y suggests that employees:
Are self-motivated and enjoy work
Example sentence: McGregor’s Theory Y highlights the belief that employees are inherently motivated and derive satisfaction from their work.
The halo effect occurs when:
We judge someone based on a single positive characteristic
Example sentence: The halo effect can lead to biased judgments based on limited information or superficial attributes.
Equity theory suggests that employees compare:
Their inputs and outcomes with others’ inputs and outcomes
Example sentence: Equity theory focuses on the perception of fairness in input-output ratios among employees within an organization.
How to deal with assignments you don’t quite love?
FIND EFFECTIVE REWARDS, SUSTAIN PROGRESS, HARNESS THE INFLUENCE OF OTHERS, Focus on the
elements of the work that you do find enjoyable
What is the The Big Five Model
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to experience
What is the The Big Five Model
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to experience
What are the four traits of core self-evaluation
self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control,
and emotional stability
WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward attaining a goal
What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Bottom Up:
Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
ALDERFER’S E-R-G MODEL
Bottom Up:
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
All 3 can be chased at once
What is the expectancy theory equation?
Motivation= Effort + Instrumental + Value
People are motivated to behave in ways that
restore or maintain a sense of balance—perceived equity—in their minds is an example of what?
Equity Theory
7 Ways to Stay Motivated
1.Motivation is Internal
2. Remember What motivates you
3. Challenge yourself with a daily goal
4. Motion creates emotion
5. Keep learning
6. Hang out with superstars
7. Reward yourself
What is automatic information processing
Screening that takes place without conscious awareness
What are the most common organization schemas?
- Script- knowledge framework of sequence (Ex. Cycles of function)
- Self- contains info about a person’s own appearance
- Person- sorts people into categories
What is attribution?
Attribution is the assignment of meaning to others’ behaviors or events.
• An internal attribution assigns the cause of the behavior to the person.
• An external attribution assigns the cause of the behavior to factors
outside the person’s control.
What are the three components of attribution cues?
- Distinctiveness
- Consensus
- Consistency
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal factors when making
judgments about the behavior of others.
-Blaming the person first not the situation
What is cognitive dissonance
is any incompatibility an individual
might perceive between two or more attitudes or
between behavior and attitudes.
(Multiple Choice) Which of the Big Five personality traits is most closely associated with a person’s tendency to be organized, responsible, and dependable?
a) Extraversion
b) Neuroticism
c) Conscientiousness
d) Agreeableness
c) Conscientiousness
(True/False) Individuals who score high on neuroticism tend to experience higher levels of stress and emotional instability over time.
Answer: True
(Multiple Choice) A person who is open to new experiences, curious, and imaginative would score high on which Big Five personality trait?a) Openness to experience
b) Extraversion
c) Conscientiousness
d) Agreeableness
Answer: a) Openness to experience
(Multiple Choice) Which Big Five personality trait has been found to be the strongest predictor of job performance across a variety of industries?
a) Extraversion
b) Agreeableness
c) Openness
d) Conscientiousness
Answer: d) Conscientiousness
(True/False) According to research, extraverts tend to be more successful in Western cultures, but introverts can also achieve high levels of success in life and work.
Answer: True
(Multiple Choice) According to Maslow’s Need Hierarchy, which level represents the highest-order needs, involving personal growth and fulfillment?
a) Safety
b) Self-actualization
c) Esteem
d) Belongingness
Answer: b) Self-actualization
(Short Answer) What is the main difference between Maslow’s “physiological needs” and “safety needs”?
Answer: Physiological needs refer to basic survival needs like food and water, while safety needs involve protection from harm, such as security and stability.
(Multiple Choice) The fundamental attribution error occurs when:
a) We overestimate external factors and underestimate internal factors when explaining others’ behavior
b) We attribute our successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
c) We overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors when explaining others’ behavior
d) We make judgments about others based on one specific characteristic
Answer: c) We overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors when explaining others’ behavior
(Multiple Choice) The halo effect is a perception error where:
a) A general impression is formed based on a single characteristic
b) People are judged based on their group affiliations
c) Recent experiences affect current judgments
d) Others’ successes are attributed to external factors
Answer: a) A general impression is formed based on a single characteristic
(Multiple Choice) Selective perception occurs when:
a) People unconsciously screen out information that conflicts with their own beliefs
b) People compare others’ behavior to a recent experience
c) People make assumptions based on group membership
d) People evaluate behavior only in the context of success
Answer: a) People unconsciously screen out information that conflicts with their own beliefs
(Multiple Choice) The cognitive component of an attitude refers to:
a) The emotional reaction a person has toward an object, person, or event
b) The intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something
c) The beliefs or thoughts a person holds about something
d) The actual behavior toward an object, person, or event
Answer: c) The beliefs or thoughts a person holds about something
(True/False) The affective component of an attitude reflects how a person feels emotionally toward something.
Answer: True
(Multiple Choice) Which of the following best describes the behavioral component of an attitude?
a) How a person intends to act toward something or someone
b) How a person feels emotionally about something
c) The thoughts a person has regarding a situation
d) The cognitive dissonance that results from behavior and attitude mismatch
Answer: a) How a person intends to act toward something or someone
