Test 2: Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the 5 major food nutrients?
Fats Proteins Carbs Vitamins Minerals
What are the food scientists view on the nutritive aspects of food?
Important nutrients of food and the man’s needs for these.
Stability if the important nutrients and the amounts of each destroyed by processing. Ex- heat/or air is destructive to vitamin C
___ is the major constituent from a % standpoint and is necessary for the human body to utilize the 5 major nutrients.
Water
Man’s energy comes from what?
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
What is a small calorie?
Large calorie?
Amount of heat needed to raise temp of 1g water 1 degree C
Found in food- amount of heat needed to raise 1000g water 1 degree C
What is the instrument used to determine the energy in foods and feeds?
Bomb calorimeter
What are the large calories per gram in fat?
Protein?
Carbs?
9
4
4
The need for calories by our food include what?
Body heat
Body tissue synthesis
Energy for work
What is the cheapest calorie?
Most expensive?
Carbs
Proteins
What are the major contributions of carbs to us?
An economical source of energy
Helps the body use fat efficiently
Has a sparing effect on proteins
___ proteins are superior to ___ plant proteins because there are more essential amino acids in them, thus making them more complete proteins. Like an egg.
Animal
Plant
What is the essential fatty acid and why do we need it?
Linoleic
Have to have it for healthy skin and growth
What is the vitamin A deficiency called? What are it’s sources?
Night blindness
Meats and beta carotene
What are beta carotene sources?
Milk, green leafy vegetables, fish and plants
Beta carotene is a ___ to vitamin A. The body will convert it to vitamin A.
Precursor
What is vitamin D known as? What is the deficiency? What are its precursors and sources?
Sunshine vitamin
Rickets
Sterols
Milk, liver, fish
What is vitamin E imprtant for? It is a strong ___. What are its sources?
Healthy skin
Antioxidant
Vegetable oils
What is the vitamin K deficiency and its sources?
Blood won’t clot
Spinach
What are the water soluble vitamins?
C, B, niacin
What is vitamin C? What is the deficiency and sources?
Ascorbic acid
Scurvy- bleeding of gums/tooth loss
Orange juice and tomato juice
What is vitamin B1? What does the deficiency cause? What are its sources?
Thiamin
Disease beri-beri- nervous disorder
Egg yolk, liver and pork
Vitamin B1 is sensitive to what?
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), because we use SO2 as an anti-microbial agent as well as a color preservative in foods. SO2 destroys vitamin B1.
What is vitamin B2 and what do we need it for? What are its sources?
Riboflavin
Need it for normal growth and healthy skin
Milk, liver and eggs
What does niacin help prevent? What are its sources?
Pellagra- skin sores and nervous seizures
Red meats and coffee
What is calcium needed for? What is a source?
Needed for strong bones and teeth, also for the proper clotting of blood.
Milk
What does phosphorus control and act as?
Controls pH of blood and acts as a buffer
What ties up the calcium in spinach and rhubarb and does not get absorbed into the body?
Oxalic acid
When it comes to calcium and phosphorus, ___ and ___ play important roles in absorption of ___ from our ___ ___.
Vitamin D and lactose
Calcium
Intestinal tract
Iron is a component of what? What is a source of iron?
Blood hemoglobin
Liver
What is blood hemoglobin?
A protein in blood that contains iron and carries oxygen to the cells
___ aids in our utilization of iron.
Copper
Iodine is an essential part of what? What is its deficiency?
Thyroid hormone
Goiter
What does fluorine aid in? How much can be added to water to greatly reduce tooth decay?
Having sound teeth that are resistant to tooth decay.
1 ppm
Water carries ___ to the cells and ___ ___ away from the cells.
Nutrients
Waste products
How much of the human body weight is water?
60%
How long can we survive without food? Water?
5 weeks
5 days
Cooking losses of some essential nutrients, like ___, can be more than __
Vitamins
75%
In modern food processing operations, any nutrient loss seldom exceeds ___
25%
What can destroy vitamins?
Steam tables
