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305 > Test # 2 ch6,78 > Flashcards

Test # 2 ch6,78 Flashcards

1
Q

Tap

A

sharp, well-localozed

associated with pressure-overload

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1
Q

Quality / pitch of murmurs

A

pitch is : high, medium or low

high: turbuemce from a high pressure to a low pressure

aortic or mitral insufficiency

low presure difference is mitral stenosis (low-pressure turbuence in the flow)

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2
Q

Prevalence of CHD (truncus, VSD, ASD, Coarc,transposition, TOF, Ebstein’s, interupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, TAPVR, DORV, AV Canal,& HLHS

A

82/10000

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2
Q

Drugs affecting he heart

A

amphetamines, alcohol, anticonvulsants (hydantoins, trimethadione, valproic acid, carbamasepine), lithium, retonic acid, thalidomide, coumadin

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2
Q

L&D history

A

perinatal hypoxia, maternal infection, drugs

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2
Q

s1

A

closure of mitral and tricuspid at the onselt of ventricular systole

heard most loudly at the apex

Loud at birth

decreases in intensity

s1 usually single; not split

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3
Q

Thorough Maternal History

A

SLE, maternal diabetes and maternal CHD

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3
Q

Heaves

A

PMI is slow rising and difuse

heaves are associated with volume overload

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3
Q

Mitral

A

4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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4
Q

Grade IV murmur

A

Louder

may be associated with a thrill

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6
Q

Genetic factors important for CHD

-gather details about siblings (3-5% chance for recurrence)

A

Several disorders might demonstrate dominatn of recesie patterns are associated with specific CH defects

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7
Q

Systolic ejection murmur

A

most common innocent murmur

grade I-II

best heard mid and upper left sternal border

vibratory

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8
Q

increases the risk for CHD 3-4 times that of he general population

A

Maternal Diabetes

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10
Q

Grade VI

A

Extremely loud

can be heard with the stethoscope being slightly removed from the chest

maybe a thrill

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11
Q

s3

A

present in the apex if heard

siglals a rapd or increased flow across th AV valves (rapid ventricular filling)

Heard in preemies with a PDA

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12
Q

Tricuspid

A

4th itercostal space, left sternal angle

13
Q

Aortic area

A

2nd intercostal space, right sternal angle

13
Q

Pulmonic

A

2nd intercostal space, left sternal angle

14
Q

birthweight, sex and GA

A

increase of CHD in low birthweight, preemies increased risk for PDA, several CHD are more common in one se versus another

16
Q

Grade III murmur

A

Moderate intensity

NOT associated with a thrill

17
Q

Location of murmurs

A

terms of the interspace and the midsternal

midclavicular

axillary lines

19
Q

VSD’s and transpositionCardiomyopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

A

Commonly seen with IDM

20
Q

Grade V murmur

A

VERY LOUD

can be heard with a stethoscope rim barly on the chest

21
Q

Determining of CHD a factor?

A

perinatal hypoxia, maernal infection, drugs during labor

BW

GA

Sex

23
Q

thrills

A

low-frequency palpable murmurs

cat purring

felt best itht he palm

at least a grade IV murmur

24
Q
A
26
Q

Viral infections cause myocarditis if contacted within the

A

last 2 weeks of pregnancy

27
Q

S2

A

closing of the Aortic and pulmonic valves

Heard at the base of the heart

Single at birth, but splitting should occur

WIDE splitting is abnormal

(ASD, PS, Ebstein’s, Partial anomolous pulmonary venous return, mitral regurge and right bundle branch block)

28
Q

Maternal CHD presents a risk of up to 15%

A

for infants being born with CHD

29
Q

radiation of a murmur posioned pulm outflow tract

A

let upper back

31
Q

radiation from normal aortic outflow

A

carotid arteries

32
Q

Grade 2 murmur

A

Soft, but audible immediately

33
Q

ejection clicks

A

heard just after the 1st heart sound

considered abnormal after the 1st 24 hours of life

in st 24 hours, they are normal r/t pul htn)

Aortic or pulmotic stenosis

dilation of PA, truncus, TOF

34
Q

s4

A

Rare

At apex

always pathologic

uaually in Cardipmyopathy or chf

myocardium that is stiff effecting the colume of the blood that is ejected

35
Q

Grade 1 murmur

A

Barely audible; audible only after careful ausculttion

36
Q

SLE

A

increase the incidence

1- COngenital AV Block

(low resting HR sometimes in Utero)

37
Q

Innocent murmurs

A

usually 1st 48hrs

associated with decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance/closure of the PDA

Flow murmurs

Most often grande I or II

305 (1 decks)

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