Test 2 - Ch 7, 8, 9 Flashcards
periodic trend - ionization energy
ionization energy increases up and right
(same as electronegativity and electron affinity; opposite of atomic radius)
periodic trend - atomic radii
atomic radius increases bottom left (opposite of electronegativity)
periodic trend - electron affinity
electron affinity increases up and right
(same as electronegativity and ionization energy; opposite of atomic radius)
periodic trend - reactivity
reactivity increases left (towards metals!), overall
for metals, it also increases down; for non-metals, it increases up
the higher the frequency, the ___ the wavelength
shorter
the lower the frequency, the ___ the wavelength
longer
the higher the frequency, the ___ the energy
greater
the lower the frequency, the ___ the energy
lower
formula: relationship between the speed of light, frequency, and wavelength?
c = ℷ x ⱱ
speed of light = wavelength x frequency
formula: relationship between energy, wavelength, and frequency?
E = h x ⱱ
(where h = Planck’s constant)
energy = Planck x frequency
and ⱱ can be represented as:
c / ℷ
what is the speed of light, c ?
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
what do each quantum number represent?
- n* = principal quantum number; the coefficient
- l* = angular momentum; 0 for s, 1 for d, 2 for p, and 3 for f
- ml* = magnetic; the constraint of options from l
(i. e., -1, 0, 1 for l = 1; -2, -1…2 for l = 2, and so on) - ms* = magnetic spin; either + or - 1/2; determine by orbital diagram (i.e., paramagnetic or diamagnetic?)
add a + charge, you’ve ___ electrons; add a - charge, you’ve ___ electrons
positive charge = lost electrons; negative charge = gained electrons (electrons are negative!)
polar bond means…
1) covalent thing only; 2) over 2.0 difference in electronegativity; 3) think of it conceptually as one end of the bond is larger - one atom is “hogging” the shared electrons
ionic bond: what’s happening?
1) it’s a metal and a nonmetal, 2) two atoms, one of which is more electronegative than the other, exchange (transfer) electrons, and the charges hold the atoms together