Test 2 Bug Emphasis

Question 1

Aeromonas

Answer 1

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod
similar to enterobacteria
Can cause GI upset
treat with cipro

Question 2

Aspergillosis

Answer 2

fungal infection

opportunistic fungi

Question 3

Bacillus cereus

Answer 3

neurotoxin & enterotoxin
GI upset in min-hours

Opportunistic pathogen that causes food poisoning. Diarrheal syndrome associated with meat, poultry, and soups (incubation period of 8-16 hours), fever uncommon, and resolves within 24 hours. Emetic form associated with fried rice, abdominal cramps and vomiting, incubation period of 1-5 hours, and resolves within 9 hours.

Question 4

Campylobacter

Answer 4

Non-spore forming. Oxidase and catalase positive. Nonfermentative. Causes campylobacter enteritis or gastroenteritis. Most common diarrheal illness worldwide. Cramps and bloody diarrhea may follow with fever, chills, and rarely nausea and vomiting. Self-limiting lasting 2-6 days and host may remain carriers for several months.

Question 5

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 5

Poster child for neurotoxin
GI upset in several hours
Gram positive, rod shaped, anaerobe
Spore-forming

Question 6

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 6

animal bites

G-, penicillin sensitive

Question 7

Clostridium difficile

Answer 7

anaerobic 
Spore forming
Gram positive
Overgrowth can occur from Aminopenicillins and clindamycin 
       - treat with vanco

Question 8

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 8

from soil
enterotoxin & cytotoxin 
spore forming gram + rod
produces CO2
can cause gas gangrene
rapidly fatal
GI upset in several hours

Question 9

Cryptosporidium

Answer 9

Transmission through fecal-oral and oocyst. Self-limiting GI infection in immunocompromised host (AIDS). Outbreaks seen in daycare centers. Lab diagnosis by modified acid-fast stain or immunofluorescent antibody stain (DFA).

Question 10

Ebstein-Barr virus

Answer 10

technically a herpes virus

Mononucleosis (kissing virus)

Question 11

Enterococcus

Answer 11

normal flora of gut.
can cause UTI, skin infections, endocarditis.
treat with aminopenicillin
G+ facultative cocci

Question 12

E Coli

Answer 12

enterotoxin
Part of our normal flora.
E. Coli 0157H7 is pathogenic

Question 13

Giardia lamblia

Answer 13

protozoa
-flagellate
troph has 2 nuclei

Question 14

Herpes labialis

Answer 14

double stranded DNA virus

Question 15

Herpesvirus

Answer 15

Double stranded DNA virus

Question 16

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 16

from soft cheeses, deli meats, unpast. milk
dangerous for pregnant women-can cause fetal meningitis
treat with aminopenicillin

Question 17

MRSA

Answer 17

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Treat with Vanco or daptomycin

Question 18

Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 18

Viral pox virus 
cutaneous skin infection
histologically specific 
wet skin-to-skin contact
kids, sexually active adult, im. compromised 
spontaneous recovery

Question 19

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 19

associated with animal bites
bacterial
gram - rods

Question 20

Propionibacterium

Answer 20

causes acne

G+ rod

Question 21

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 21

gram - rod
associated with hot tub folliculitis
can cause secondary infection after a sever burn
can get it from hospital, environment, water
Class III cephalosporins can treat it! (Right?)

Question 22

Rotavirus

Answer 22

causes gastroenteritis
Double stranded RNA virus
-similar to norovirus
destroy the villi of intestine

Question 23

Salmonella (different species)

Answer 23

enterotoxin
leading cause of foodborne illness
common in chickens, so you can get it from any byproduct
diarrhea after 24h

Question 24

Shigella (dysenteriae)

Answer 24

Cytotoxin & enterotoxin

G-, facultative

Question 25

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 25

Gram +, catalase + facultative
Neurotoxin and cytotoxin 
Gastroenteritis 
GI upset in min-hours
most common cause of skin infections
-Only staph that is coagulase positive. 
-most common pathogen in infections like prosthetic joint, post-trauma, verterbral osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot.

Question 26

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 26

Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic

Major cause of pneumonia

Question 27

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 27

aka Group A strep

B hemolytic

Question 28

Strep viridans

Answer 28

normal flora of upper resp. tract
can cause jaw osteomyelitis
can cause endocarditis

Question 29

Varicella zoster

Answer 29

aka herpes zoster
chicken pox
shingles
remains dormant in dorsal roots, replicates down sensory nerves

Question 30

Vibrio cholera

Answer 30

Enterotoxin

Not free living, from crustaceans