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Test 2 AP2 lecture > Test 2 AP2 Lect > Flashcards

Test 2 AP2 Lect Flashcards

1
Q

What does the systemic circulation deliver?

A

Delivers O2 to all body cells and carries away wastes

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2
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Eliminates CO2 via the lungs and oxygenates the blood

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3
Q

What is the avg. size of the heart?

A

14cm long, 9cm wide

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4
Q

The cardiac myocyte generates ATP thru?

A

Cellular repsiration (need constant supply of O2)

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5
Q

What is myocardial infarcation?

A

Heart attack - heart does not have sufficient blood supply

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6
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Posterior to the sternum, base lies beneath 2nd rib, apex @ 5th intercostal, lies upon diaphragm

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium (innermost), myocardial (middle), epicardium (outermost)

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8
Q

The epicardium is continous with which membrane?

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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9
Q

Function of the epicardium?

A

Forms a protective outer covering, secretes serous fluid

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10
Q

Function of the myocardium

A

Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers

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11
Q

Function of the endocardium

A

Forms a protective inner lining of the chamber and valves

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12
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels (b.v) that carry blood towards the heart

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13
Q

What are arteries?

A

B.V that carries blood AWAY from the heart

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14
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the?

A

Inferior vena cava (IVA), superior vena cava (SVA), and coronary sinus

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15
Q

What are the three sections of the coronary sinus?

A

(1) Great cardiac vein (2) Middle cardiac vein (3)Small cardiac vein

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16
Q

The coronary sinus gets their drainage from?

A

From the coronary circulation and then goes to the RA (right atrium)

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17
Q

How does blood flow from the heart to the lungs?

A

Vena cava –> right atrium –> tricupside valve –> right ventricle –> semilunar pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs (r. pulmonary artery & l. pulmonary artery)

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18
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive its blood from?

A

Right atrium

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19
Q

What valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

Tricupsid valve

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20
Q

The right ventricle carries blood to the

A

Semilunar pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs (right pulmonary artery & left pulmonary artery)

21
Q

How much blood does the right atrium receive?

A

70% of blood flow

22
Q

What happens when the ventricles relax?

A

Chambers of the ventricles are filled with blood

23
Q

What happens to the ventricles after it relaxes?

A

The chambers of the ventricles contracts and push the blood UP

24
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the

A

Pulmonary veins

25
Q

Are pulmonary veins deoxygenated or oxygenated?

A

Oxygenated

26
Q

The blood from the left atrium has to pass through which valve to get to the left ventricle?

A

Bicupsid/Mitral valve

27
Q

The left ventricle receives its blood from

A

The left atrium

28
Q

The left ventricle carries oxygenated blood to the

A

Aortic Semilunar valve –> aorta –> body

29
Q

Steps of blood flow from the heart to the body

A

pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> bicupsid valve -> left ventricle (L.V) -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta

30
Q

What is the function of the tricupsid valve?

A

Prevent backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction

31
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

A

Prevents blood from moving from teh pulmonary trun into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation

32
Q

What is the funtion of the mitral valve?

A

Prevents backflow of blood from the L.V into the L.A during ventricular contraction

33
Q

What is the function of the aortic valve?

A

Prevents blood frmo moving from aorta into L.V during ventricular relaxation

34
Q

“Lubb”

A

Sound is due to the closure of atrial valve (tricupsid & mitral valve)

35
Q

“Dubb”

A

Sound due to the closure of aortic semilunar valve

36
Q

What is the chordae tendinae?

A

aka heart strings - Connective tissue that connects papillary muscles to the tricupsid and mitrial (bicupsid) valves

37
Q

Function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

Separates and allows the atrium to contract but the ventricles do not contract at the same time as the atriums

38
Q

How can we prevent backfrom of blood?

A

Papillary muscle will contract first before the rest of the muscle in the ventricular contraction

39
Q

What is the normal blood pressure of an individual?

A

120ml of mercury/80mL of mercruy

40
Q

What is systole?

A

After ventrical contraction

41
Q

What is diastole?

A

Heart relaxation (pressure found in teh aorta)

42
Q

What happens when the heart relaxes?

A

Chambers open up (pressure drops so the blood in the aorta can gush back in)

43
Q

What is isovolumetric contraction?

A

“iso” = same Volume of blood does not change but the heart is still contracting. (doesn’t change because the heart is pressuraizing)

44
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure is inversley proportional to volume (e.g if you want pressure to increase, decrease the volume)

45
Q

What happens if there is a defect in the intraventricular septum?

A

Septal defect - a hole in the lower chambers of the wall (blood flows from the L.V to the R.V)

46
Q

What must the intraventricular pressure be if a person has hypertension (BP 140/90)?

A

Intraventricular pressure has to be higher than 90mL of mercury

47
Q

Why is it bad if the intraventricular pressure is high?

A

Because it’s asking the heart to work harder to generate intraventricular pressure above the DIASTOLIC pressure to push blood out.

48
Q

Chronic hypertension leads to

A

Left ventricle wall gets thicker in order to generate higher pressure which leads to HEART FAILURE

Test 2 AP2 lecture (1 decks)

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