Test-2-Anti-virals

Question 1

GAMMA GLOBULIN

Answer 1

*BLOCKS PENETRATION INTO CELL?
**ADVERSE REACTIONS: ANAPHYLACTOID SHOCK (RARE)

Uses:

*VARICELLA ZOSTER
*MEASLES

Question 2

INTERFERONS

Answer 2

*INHIBIT WIDE RANGE OF EVENTS IN VIRAL REPLICATION -> Main thing inhibited is:

*TRANSLATION to proteins.

TOXICITIES:
*Flu like

*NEUROTOXIC

***DEPRESSION / SUICIDE (PRIOR)

Uses:

*CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

*CHRONIC HEPATITIS B

*GENITAL WARTS

Question 3

OSELTAMIVIR / ZANAMIVIR

Answer 3

Anti-Influenza drugs

**BLOCK RELEASE OF VIRIONS (INHIBITS NEURAMINIDASE (VIRAL GLYCOPROTEIN)) -> results in viral aggregation on the cell surface.

Actions:

**ILLNESS DECREASED BY 1 - 2 DAYS
**SEVERITY OF FLU IS DIMINISHED
**INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS DECREASED

OSELTAMIVIR (NAUSEA, ABDOMINAL PAIN)

ZANAMIVIR (BROCHOSPASM)

Question 4

IDOXURIDINE

Answer 4

Anti-Herpes Simplex 1 agent. Too toxic for use.

*****CARCINOGENIC
*****TERATOGENIC

Question 5

VIDARABINE – ADENINE ARABINOSIDE

Answer 5

Only used topically, not systemically due to toxicitiy issues.

*INHIBITS DNA POLYMERASE
**LOW CONC. INHIBITS VIRUS DNA SYNTHESIS

*PRO - DRUG:
Gets 3PO4s (TRIPHOSPHATE)
P3 INHIBITS DNA POLYMERASE

TOXICITIES (TOPICAL):
*BURNING
*PHOTOPHOBIA (DREAD OF LIGHT)
*LACRIMATION

Question 6

LAMIVUDINE

Answer 6

CYTIDINE DERIVATIVE

• **Decreases HEPATITIS B VIRUS – DNA POLYMERASE, REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Toxicity:

*PANCREATITIS

Question 7

ACYCLOVIR

Answer 7

M.O.A.: INHIBITS DNA POLYMERASES [VIRAL >> MAMMALIAN], CAUSES CHAIN TERMINATION

Pro-Drug (needs 3Ps to be active)

Uses:

**GENITAL HERPES ( HSV II )

*HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS

*IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS (AIDS) (VARICELLA / ZOSTER)

Toxicity:

• Generally well tolerated in the patient

Question 8

GANCICLOVIR

Answer 8

Similar to Acyclovir

TOXICITIES:
**BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION

USE:
**CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS

Question 9

RIBAVIRIN

Answer 9

Uses: RNA AND DNA VIRUSES

• **HEPATITIS C (+ INTERFERON)

INHIBITS VIRAL RNA SYNTHESIS
PRO – DRUG (P3)

TOXICITIES:
**DEATH (AEROSOLIZED DRUG – PLUGS VENTILATOR)

• TERATOGENIC
• EMBRYOTOXIC
• ONCOGENIC
• GONADOTOXIC

Question 10

TRIFLUOROTHYMIDINE

Answer 10

*INCORPORATED INTO VIRAL DNA AS TRIPHOSPHATE

*MONOPHOSPHATE IS INHIBITOR OF THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE

Not used as a systemic drug (used topically). Inhibits dUMP.

Toxicities:

**NOT TERATOGENIC WHEN TOPICAL ON EYES
**TERATOGENIC WHEN GIVEN SYSTEMICALLY (ANIMALS)

Question 11

FOSCARNET (PHOSPHONO_FORMIC ACID_)

Answer 11

*INHIBITS DNA POLYMERASES, RNA POLYMERASES

***BINDS WITH CALCIUM - OTHER DIVALENT CATIONS

***DOES NOT REQUIRE ACTIVATION BY PHOSPHORYLATION

TOXICITY:
**HYPOCALCEMIA
**HYPOMAGNESEMIA

*USE – CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS