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INTRO TO CLINICAL LAB > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the sample requirements for hematology

A

EDTA anti coagulated

not clotted

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2
Q

what does RBC stand for

A

red blood cells

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3
Q

do males or females have more RBC count

A

males

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4
Q

why do males have more RBC

A

bigger

no period

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5
Q

RBC have ____ which carries _____ to the body

A

hemoglobin

oxygen

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6
Q

what does WBC stand for

A

white blood cell

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7
Q

what can you indicate from increased # of total WBC

A

infection

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8
Q

what can you indicate from high sub population of WBC

A

type of infection

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9
Q

if a patient has a lot of neutrophils what kind of infection do they have

A

bacterial

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10
Q

if a patient has a lot of lymphocytes what kind of infection do they have

A

viral

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11
Q

what can you indicate from abnormal proliferation of WBC

A

cancer

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12
Q

what are platelets involved in

A

clotting

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13
Q

if there is a mutation in the hemoglobin what does this lead to

A

increased # of RBCs

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14
Q

what is hematocrit

A

% of RBCs in whole blood

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15
Q

what is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

how big your red cell is

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16
Q

what is the term of below range of MCV

A

microcytes

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17
Q

what is the term of in range of MCV

A

normocytes

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18
Q

what is the term of above range of MCV

A

macrocytes

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19
Q

what is mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

A

average amount of hemoglobin per RBC

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20
Q

what is the term of below range of MCH

A

hypochromic

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21
Q

what is the term of above range of MCH

A

hyperchromic

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22
Q

what is mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

average hemoglobin in a given volume of RBC volume

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23
Q

if high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) what should you expect

A

agglutination

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24
Q

in a normal person how many bell curves should they have in a RBC histogram graph

A

1

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25
Q

what would you be looking at if you were finding clots, estimating platelets, and looking for weird RBCs and WBCs

A

peripheral blood smear

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26
Q

what can a CBC tell you

A

anemia
infection
leukemia
clotting

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27
Q

what is the general rule called for RBC abnormality

A

rule of 3

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28
Q

function of WBC

A

fights infections

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29
Q

what does the % equal on a blood printout

A

relative

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30
Q

percentage x WBCC=

A

absolute

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31
Q

what is the most common WBC

A

neutrophil

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32
Q

what kind of WBC gets bigger as it reacts

A

lymphocyte

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33
Q

what kind of WBC is the largest leukocyte and a phagocytic cell

A

monocyte

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34
Q

what kind of WBC has pink granules

A

eosinophil

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35
Q

what kind of WBC is elected in allergies and worm infections

A

eosinophil

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36
Q

what kind of WBC is the smallest % in your body

A

basophil

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37
Q

when there is an increase in basophils what can this indicate

A

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

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38
Q

what is the name of an immature RBC

A

reticulocyte

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39
Q

what does a left shift mean

A

lots of immature cells

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40
Q

what is malaria

A

RBC parasites

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41
Q

instrument that measure light transmitted by a solution to determine the conc of the light absorbing substance in the solution

A

spectrometer

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42
Q

what are the 2 basic principles of the spectrometer

A
  • substances absorb light at a unique wavelength

- amount of light absorbed is proportional to the amount of substance that is present

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43
Q

what is beer’s law

A

absorbance equals conc

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44
Q

how do you find the value of a calibrator

A

assay 100x and then get a value

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45
Q

what is a standard

A

something with a known value

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46
Q

how does QC work

A

you get the absorbance and compare it to the standard to find the conc

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47
Q

what is a deviation

A

when a sample gets so concentrated that it can not be read correctly

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48
Q

what does your body produce when you have high blood sugar

A

insulin

49
Q

what does your body produce when you have low blood sugar

A

glucagon

50
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water through a semi-permeable mmb to a more concentrated area

51
Q

what is the name for a RBC in a hypertonic environment

A

plasmolysis

52
Q

what is the name for a RBC in a hypotonic environment

A

cytolysis

53
Q

what does cytolysis lead to

A

hemolysis

54
Q

why is water not put into veins

A

it will burst RBC

55
Q

what are the electrolytes

A

sodium
potassium
chloride

56
Q

what is not common on a metabolic panel

A

calcium

57
Q

what are electrolytes

A

ions that dissolve in water

58
Q

what regulates water and osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid compartment

A

sodium

59
Q

what can potassium effect in the body

A

heart

60
Q

what is the most likely cause of preanalytical specimen error

A

potassium

61
Q

if you have too much potassium what does it cause

A

cardiac issues, weakness, and tingling

62
Q

if you have too little potassium what does it cause

A

cardiac issues

63
Q

what is used to diagnose water and electrolyte imbalance

A

chloride

64
Q

what is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances

A

bicarbonate

65
Q

true or false: bicarbonate is volatile and needs to be capped most of the time

A

true

66
Q

what is lost when you sweat

A

electrolytes and water

67
Q

what happens if you just drink water when you workout

A

you just replace the water that is lost and not the electrolytes

68
Q

if you were designing a sports drink what would you put in it?

A

water and electrolytes

69
Q

alcohol _____- it stops the hormone that tells you to _____ water

A

dehydrates

absorb

70
Q

what is the best hangover cure

A

anything isotonic

71
Q

what kind of calcium is active

A

free

72
Q

what kind of calcium is inactive

A

bound

73
Q

what would cause too much calcium in your body

A

bone breakdown

74
Q

what is a product of protein and amino acid metabolism

A

blood urea nitrogen

75
Q

what is measured to see how fast the kidney is filtering the blood

A

creatinine/GFR

76
Q

what is a product of muscle metabolism, is a function of muscle, is not absorbed, and is freely filtered

A

creatinine/GFR

77
Q

what does GFR stand for

A

glomerular filtration rate

78
Q

what is used to diagnose and screen diabetes

A

carbs

79
Q

what kind of sample is used to diagnose diabetes

A

fasting sample

80
Q

what kind of solution is saline

A

isotonic

81
Q

what kind of solution is dextrose

A

isotonic, sugar

82
Q

what is in a clot

A

RCB
platelets
fibrin strands

83
Q

what ion is important in clotting

A

calcium

84
Q

what is the ratio of a citrate tube

A

90% blood

10% citrate

85
Q

what are the requirements for a citrate tube

A

not hemolyzed

not clotted

86
Q

what happens if you don’t fill enough in a citrate tube?

A

there is too much anticoagulant

87
Q

what happens if you fill a citrate tube too much?

A

the blood is not Anticoagulated enough —-> false results

88
Q

what is warfin dependent on

A

vitamin k

89
Q

what does heparin affect

A

antithrombin

90
Q

what is hemophilia A missing

A

factor 8

91
Q

what hemophilia B missing

A

factor 9

92
Q

missing coagulation factors = _____ _____ make clots

A

can not

93
Q

what does CSF stand for

A

cerebral spinal fluid

94
Q

meningitis

A

spine infection

affects brain

95
Q

How do you know you have a hemorrhage in the spine

A

There’s blood in all tubes

96
Q

what is in synovial fluid if a patient has gout

A

crystals

97
Q

function of pleural fluid

A

moisten the pleural surfaces

98
Q

how do they get pleural fluid out

A

Suck it out with a needle

99
Q

What kind of fluid would be caused by ruptured abdominal organ hemorrhage from trauma

A

peritoneal

100
Q

how can you differentiate between skin cell and a blood cell

A

skin cells have a Nuclei

101
Q

what kind of cast in urine is not pathologic

A

hyaline

102
Q

what kind of crystals are in alkaline urine

A

Triple phosphate

103
Q

true or false: it would be a good idea to test the samples of family members

A

false

104
Q

why can’t you post about any of the work you do in the lab on the internet

A

HIPAA guidelines

105
Q

what is informed consent

A

the patient is aware of possible risks and procedures

106
Q

what is HIPAA

A

patient health information confidentiality

107
Q

what is the study of poisons

A

toxicology

108
Q

what kind of testing requires documentation of the chain of custody of a sample

A

Forensic testing

109
Q

what does OSHA stand for

A

occupational safety and health administration

110
Q

what is OSHA

A

ensures safe and healthy working conditions

111
Q

what would describe hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals

A

SDS

112
Q

what can be worn to tell someone how much radiation they have received

A

radiation film badge

113
Q

what are the most common types of fires

A

A, B, and C

114
Q

define ergonomics

A

worker’s exposure to hazards that lead to cumulative trauma disorders and related illnesses and injuries

115
Q

what organ does HBV and HCV effect

A

liver

116
Q

what disease attacks the immune system

A

HIV

117
Q

what does HIV turn into

A

AIDS

118
Q

how does regular soap work?

A

traps bacteria in soap —> rinsed off

119
Q

how does antimicrobial soap work?

A

bacteria is killed on hands

INTRO TO CLINICAL LAB (3 decks)

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