test 2

Question 1

behavioural confirmation

Answer 1

expectations about the other person affects the other persons behaviour

Question 2

attribution

Answer 2

inferences about causes or motivations for behaviour

Question 3

locus of control

Answer 3

concept that refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives.

Question 4

social cognition

Answer 4

processing of information that has to do with interpersonal behaviours research areas = perception, memory, interpretation.

Question 5

Cognition

Answer 5

term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.

Question 6

cognition bias

Answer 6

systematic error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them and affects the decisions and judgments that they make.

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

• mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. rule of thumb method

Question 8

false consensus

Answer 8

• is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to “see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances”.

Question 9

fundamental attribution error

Answer 9

• is the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational explanations for an individual’s observed behavior while over-emphasizing dispositional and personality-based explanations for their behavior.

Question 10

actor observer bias

Answer 10

its about me, I act the way I do because of circumstances

Question 11

ultimate attribution error

Answer 11

attributions about the outcome whether they are good or bad. locus of explanation depends on the desirability of the act. and whether or not you like who does it

Question 12

algorithm

Answer 12

step by step method e.g a recipe

Question 13

base rate fallacy

Answer 13

The base-rate fallacy is people’s tendency to ignore base rates in favor of, e.g., individuating information (when such is available), rather than integrate the two.

Helps with judgment phenomnea

Question 14

gambler fallacy

Answer 14

belief about sequences of random events. … In other words, the Gambler’s Fallacy is the belief that a “run” or “streak” of a given outcome lowers the probability of observing that outcome on the next trial.

Question 15

false uniqueness

Answer 15

• tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors.
• Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are.

Question 16

3 assumptions in heiders naieve psychologist theory

Answer 16

• 1. we’re motivated; other people must be as well
• 2. we really like to predict so we look for stable explanations
• 3. a cause for behaviour can either be internal or external

Question 17

5 factors in theory of correspondent inference

Answer 17

Degree of choice: was the act voluntary?

Hedonic relevance: does the behavior have an impact on me?

Personalism: was the behavior intended to harm or help me?

non common effects: is the effect specific to the behavior?

Social desirability: would one expect the behaviorur in such a situation

Question 18

personal construct theory

Answer 18

the theory is concerned with the psychological reasons for actions

Question 19

3 components of covariation theory

Answer 19

• 1. Is the behaviour something we would expect from other people? - consensus
• 2. Does this person usually behave this way in similar situations? - consistency
• 3. Does the person behave this way in dissimilar situations? – distinctiveness

Question 20

implicit personality theory

Answer 20

• describes the biases an individual uses when forming impressions based on a limited amount of initial information

Question 21

the heuristics

Answer 21

• representativeness heuristic -
• availability heuristic -
• anchor and adjustments -

Question 22

social desirability

Answer 22

• would one expect the behaviour in such a situation

Question 23

impact bias

Answer 23

• overestimating the “intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events”

Question 24

corarivation theory

Answer 24

• we have several examples of a persons behaviour across time and situation

Question 25

distraction conflict theory

Answer 25

• suggest that a conflict in attention produces arousal

Question 26

homogeneity

Answer 26

• the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind. Within groups

Question 27

Heterogeneity

Answer 27

• the quality or state of being diverse in character or content. Among groups

Question 28

Norms

Answer 28

• Norms: common behaviours and attitudes associated with group memberships
• Explicit norms: declared or discussed; agreed upon within the group
• Implicit norms: these are rules that arents spelled out

Question 29

Roles

Answer 29

• Roles shares expectations about how a particular perosn in a group ought to behave

Question 30

Status

Answer 30

• Status adds value to a role

Question 31

Cohesiveness

Answer 31

• the overall attraction felt between members of a group

Question 32

Situation control

Answer 32

• Legitimacy of leadership
• Leader/follower relationship
• Structure of the task

Question 33

Emergent leaders

Answer 33

• type of leadership in which a group member is not appointed or elected to the leadership role; rather, leadership develops over time as a result of the group’s interaction

Question 34

Leaders

Answer 34

• the person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country.

Question 35

Conformity

Answer 35

• type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group

Question 36

Compliance

Answer 36

• yielding to a direct request

Question 37

Obedience

Answer 37

• Is yielding to an order or “behavior change produced by the commands of authority”

Question 38

Authoritarianism

Answer 38

• highly submissive to establish authority