test 2 Flashcards
(38 cards)
behavioural confirmation
expectations about the other person affects the other persons behaviour
attribution
inferences about causes or motivations for behaviour
locus of control
concept that refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives.
social cognition
processing of information that has to do with interpersonal behaviours research areas = perception, memory, interpretation.
Cognition
term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.
cognition bias
systematic error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them and affects the decisions and judgments that they make.
Heuristic
- mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. rule of thumb method
false consensus
- is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to “see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances”.
fundamental attribution error
- is the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational explanations for an individual’s observed behavior while over-emphasizing dispositional and personality-based explanations for their behavior.
actor observer bias
its about me, I act the way I do because of circumstances
ultimate attribution error
attributions about the outcome whether they are good or bad. locus of explanation depends on the desirability of the act. and whether or not you like who does it
algorithm
step by step method e.g a recipe
base rate fallacy
The base-rate fallacy is people’s tendency to ignore base rates in favor of, e.g., individuating information (when such is available), rather than integrate the two.
Helps with judgment phenomnea
gambler fallacy
belief about sequences of random events. … In other words, the Gambler’s Fallacy is the belief that a “run” or “streak” of a given outcome lowers the probability of observing that outcome on the next trial.
false uniqueness
- tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors.
- Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are.
3 assumptions in heiders naieve psychologist theory
- we’re motivated; other people must be as well
- we really like to predict so we look for stable explanations
- a cause for behaviour can either be internal or external
5 factors in theory of correspondent inference
Degree of choice: was the act voluntary?
Hedonic relevance: does the behavior have an impact on me?
Personalism: was the behavior intended to harm or help me?
non common effects: is the effect specific to the behavior?
Social desirability: would one expect the behaviorur in such a situation
personal construct theory
the theory is concerned with the psychological reasons for actions
3 components of covariation theory
- Is the behaviour something we would expect from other people? - consensus
- Does this person usually behave this way in similar situations? - consistency
- Does the person behave this way in dissimilar situations? – distinctiveness
implicit personality theory
- describes the biases an individual uses when forming impressions based on a limited amount of initial information
the heuristics
- representativeness heuristic -
- availability heuristic -
- anchor and adjustments -
social desirability
- would one expect the behaviour in such a situation
impact bias
- overestimating the “intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events”
corarivation theory
- we have several examples of a persons behaviour across time and situation
