Test #2 Flashcards
The AMDR for protein is 20-35%
T/F?
False
The AMDR for fat is 10-35%
False
The AMDR for carbohydrate is 20-35%
False
The AMDR for carbohydrate is 45-65%
True
The chemical reaction that links molecules like saccharides together is called
condensation (dehydration synthesis)
The application of heat or acid (like HCl) to a protein that causes its shape to change is called
denaturation
*After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to begin digestion as soon as possible and has heard that sitting down and resting is the best way to digest carbohydrates more quickly. You have taken a nutrition class and inform Dolores that
carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of amylase so she has already begun to digest the carbohydrate in the snacks
What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of units of glucose?
glycogen
*What is the RDA for protein for a 48-kg woman who is 40 years old and does not exercise regularly?
38.4 g/day
Marasmus is a type of protein/energy malnutrition where a person, often a child, becomes very thin and is described as “skin and bones”.
True
Where in the human body is glycogen stored?
muscle and liver
*When dietary protein consumption exceeds protein needs, the extra amino acids can be converted to fat and stored. (T/F?)
False
After a hamburger is eaten, in what organ and with what enzyme does digestion of the protein in the hamburger begin?
stomach, pepsin
*Protein-digesting enzymes are commonly known as
amylases and lipases
Match each of the following with the BEST answer.
glucose + galactose = ?
lactose
Match each of the following with the BEST answer.
another name for complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides
*Match each of the following with the BEST answer.
most prominent risk factor for type 2 diabetes
obesity
*Match each of the following with the BEST answer.
secreted from the pancreas during hyperglycemia
amylase
Match each of the following with the BEST answer.
form of diabetes where the pancreas no longer makes insulin
Type 1
*Your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has been wearing a pump for the past year and sometimes gives himself a shot in the thigh over the past year. He confides in you that he often craves candy, but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar-free snacks. Which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely have?
Type 2 diabetes
Alberta is a 20 year old who has been a vegan for 3 years. She comes to you for advice after reading some material online from the Meat Promoters of America Organization. One of their statements is: “…vegetarians are at risk for protein deficiency because they cannot consume all of the essential amino acids necessary for good health from plants alone.” What would you tell Alberta?
although many foods don’t provide all of the essential amino acids, she could consume complementary protein foods throughout the day, which then would provide all of the essential amino acids she needs
*All of the following may be benefits of consuming a vegetarian diet EXCEPT
fiber content of the diet is lower
What are 3 things that may be a bnefit of consuming a vegetarian diet?
- Blood cholesterol is lower.
- Saturated fat content of the diet is lower.
- Lower risk for some forms of cancer and heart disease.
All of these are true about artificial sweeteners EXCEPT:
they have a high glycemic response
3 true things about artificial sweeteners
- they are typically hundreds of times sweeter than sucrose
- they often have an “aftertaste”
- most contain no calories or do not contribute to the kcals in food
Which of the following is NOT one of the enzymes used to chemically digest carbohydrate?
pepsin
What are 3 enzymes used to chemically digest carbohydrates?
lactase
amylase
sucrase
What is the complex carbohydrate stored in plants?
starch
*Foods missing one or more of the essential amino acids are described as:
complementary protein sources
What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?
raise blood glucose levels
The change in blood glucose following ingestion of a food that contains carbohydrate is called
the glycemic response to that food
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
Sucrose
Name 3 monosaccharides
galactose
fructose
glucose
*The major physiological problem of people with Type 2 diabetes is
body cells become resistant to insulin
a person who consumes no animal foods is?
a vegan
form of protein/energy malnutrition is?
kwashiorkor
a condition whereby a person does not have adequate physical, social, or economic access to food is
food insecurity
process of creating proteins in cells is?
protein synthesis
AMDR for protein
10-35%
environment that lacks access to affordable and/or nutritious foods
food dessert
*All of the following are major functions of protein in the body EXCEPT
provide almost all of the energy needed to function
- 3 major functions of protein in the body
- help regulate fluid balance and pH (degree of acidity)
- maintain body structures like bones and muscles
- transport molecules in blood and cells
Macronutrient digestion begins in the mouth where salivary glands release enzymes, including
(1)
which is specific to carbohydrate digestion. At this point, the food (bolus) is swallowed and continues through the esophagus into the stomach. In the stomach, a hormone is released from the stomach walls called
(2)
which causes the release of
(3)
which denatures protein and converts the bolus of food into chyme which passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. The hormone secretin is released which tells an accessory organ of digestion, the pancreas, to release fluids that include
*(4)
to decrease acidity, and several types of enzymes for macronutrient digestion. Another hormone, cholecystokinen (CCK) is released from the small intestine and this hormone tells the
*(5)
to release bile which emulsifies fats.
1 - amylase or salivary amylase 2 - gastrin 3 - HCI or hydrochloric acid or acid 4 - bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate 5 - gall bladder
Plant polysaccharides that are not digestible by humans but have benefits for the gastrointestinal tract including lowering the risk for diverticulosis are called
fiber
*Cells in people with type 2 diabetes become resistant to insulin. What does this mean?
insulin receptors on body cells become less responsive to insulin
People who are lactose intolerant have uncomfortable symptoms after consuming milk and other dairy products such as nausea, gas, bloating, and diarrhea. These people lack the enzyme
lactase
A food desert can be defined as:
an environment that lacks access to affordable, nutritious foods
Who among the following are at high risk of food insecurity?
Older adults
During protein digestion, protein breakdown into its amino acids is completed by all of the following EXCEPT
secretin produced in the small intestine
*Why can’t humans digest fiber in the small intestine, even though it is considered a carbohydrate?
humans lack the enzymes required to break the chemical bonds of fiber
Which of the following individuals is most at risk for Type 2 diabetes?
a 200-pound woman who is sedentary
*Eating two or more plant foods that together will provide all of the essential amino acids is called
veganism
John consumes a glass of milk. Afterwards he breaks out in hives and has difficulty breathing. John most likely has
an allergy to milk
How many TOTAL amino acids are required to make all body proteins?
20
The hormone secretin is secreted from the duodenum when chyme enters. This hormone
travels to the pancreas, telling it to release bicarbonate
Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?
it must be supplied by the diet
Texas has lower rates of food insecurity than average.
False
- Food Insecurity is
a condition whereby a person is not able to access sufficient amounts of nutritious food
