Test #2

Question 1

The AMDR for protein is 20-35%

T/F?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The AMDR for fat is 10-35%

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The AMDR for carbohydrate is 20-35%

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The AMDR for carbohydrate is 45-65%

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The chemical reaction that links molecules like saccharides together is called

Answer 5

condensation (dehydration synthesis)

Question 6

The application of heat or acid (like HCl) to a protein that causes its shape to change is called

Answer 6

denaturation

Question 7

*After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to begin digestion as soon as possible and has heard that sitting down and resting is the best way to digest carbohydrates more quickly. You have taken a nutrition class and inform Dolores that

Answer 7

carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of amylase so she has already begun to digest the carbohydrate in the snacks

Question 8

What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of units of glucose?

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

*What is the RDA for protein for a 48-kg woman who is 40 years old and does not exercise regularly?

Answer 9

38.4 g/day

Question 10

Marasmus is a type of protein/energy malnutrition where a person, often a child, becomes very thin and is described as “skin and bones”.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Where in the human body is glycogen stored?

Answer 11

muscle and liver

Question 12

*When dietary protein consumption exceeds protein needs, the extra amino acids can be converted to fat and stored. (T/F?)

Answer 12

False

Question 13

After a hamburger is eaten, in what organ and with what enzyme does digestion of the protein in the hamburger begin?

Answer 13

stomach, pepsin

Question 14

*Protein-digesting enzymes are commonly known as

Answer 14

amylases and lipases

Question 15

Match each of the following with the BEST answer.

glucose + galactose = ?

Answer 15

lactose

Question 16

Match each of the following with the BEST answer.

another name for complex carbohydrates

Answer 16

polysaccharides

Question 17

*Match each of the following with the BEST answer.

most prominent risk factor for type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

obesity

Question 18

*Match each of the following with the BEST answer.

secreted from the pancreas during hyperglycemia

Answer 18

amylase

Question 19

Match each of the following with the BEST answer.

form of diabetes where the pancreas no longer makes insulin

Answer 19

Type 1

Question 20

*Your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has been wearing a pump for the past year and sometimes gives himself a shot in the thigh over the past year. He confides in you that he often craves candy, but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar-free snacks. Which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely have?

Answer 20

Type 2 diabetes

Question 21

Alberta is a 20 year old who has been a vegan for 3 years. She comes to you for advice after reading some material online from the Meat Promoters of America Organization. One of their statements is: “…vegetarians are at risk for protein deficiency because they cannot consume all of the essential amino acids necessary for good health from plants alone.” What would you tell Alberta?

Answer 21

although many foods don’t provide all of the essential amino acids, she could consume complementary protein foods throughout the day, which then would provide all of the essential amino acids she needs

Question 22

*All of the following may be benefits of consuming a vegetarian diet EXCEPT

Answer 22

fiber content of the diet is lower

Question 23

What are 3 things that may be a bnefit of consuming a vegetarian diet?

Answer 23

1. Blood cholesterol is lower.
2. Saturated fat content of the diet is lower.
3. Lower risk for some forms of cancer and heart disease.

Question 24

All of these are true about artificial sweeteners EXCEPT:

Answer 24

they have a high glycemic response

Question 25

3 true things about artificial sweeteners

Answer 25

1. they are typically hundreds of times sweeter than sucrose
2. they often have an “aftertaste”
3. most contain no calories or do not contribute to the kcals in food

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the enzymes used to chemically digest carbohydrate?

Answer 26

pepsin

Question 27

What are 3 enzymes used to chemically digest carbohydrates?

Answer 27

lactase
amylase
sucrase

Question 28

What is the complex carbohydrate stored in plants?

Answer 28

starch

Question 29

*Foods missing one or more of the essential amino acids are described as:

Answer 29

complementary protein sources

Question 30

What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon?

Answer 30

raise blood glucose levels

Question 31

The change in blood glucose following ingestion of a food that contains carbohydrate is called

Answer 31

the glycemic response to that food

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

Answer 32

Sucrose

Question 33

Name 3 monosaccharides

Answer 33

galactose
fructose
glucose

Question 34

*The major physiological problem of people with Type 2 diabetes is

Answer 34

body cells become resistant to insulin

Question 35

a person who consumes no animal foods is?

Answer 35

a vegan

Question 36

form of protein/energy malnutrition is?

Answer 36

kwashiorkor

Question 37

a condition whereby a person does not have adequate physical, social, or economic access to food is

Answer 37

food insecurity

Question 38

process of creating proteins in cells is?

Answer 38

protein synthesis

Question 39

AMDR for protein

Answer 39

10-35%

Question 40

environment that lacks access to affordable and/or nutritious foods

Answer 40

food dessert

Question 41

*All of the following are major functions of protein in the body EXCEPT

Answer 41

provide almost all of the energy needed to function

Question 42

• 3 major functions of protein in the body

Answer 42

1. help regulate fluid balance and pH (degree of acidity)
2. maintain body structures like bones and muscles
3. transport molecules in blood and cells

Question 43

Macronutrient digestion begins in the mouth where salivary glands release enzymes, including
(1)
which is specific to carbohydrate digestion. At this point, the food (bolus) is swallowed and continues through the esophagus into the stomach. In the stomach, a hormone is released from the stomach walls called
(2)
which causes the release of
(3)
which denatures protein and converts the bolus of food into chyme which passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. The hormone secretin is released which tells an accessory organ of digestion, the pancreas, to release fluids that include
*(4)
to decrease acidity, and several types of enzymes for macronutrient digestion. Another hormone, cholecystokinen (CCK) is released from the small intestine and this hormone tells the
*(5)
to release bile which emulsifies fats.

Answer 43

1 - amylase or salivary amylase
2 - gastrin
3 - HCI or hydrochloric acid or acid
4 - bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate
5 - gall bladder

Question 44

Plant polysaccharides that are not digestible by humans but have benefits for the gastrointestinal tract including lowering the risk for diverticulosis are called

Answer 44

fiber

Question 45

*Cells in people with type 2 diabetes become resistant to insulin. What does this mean?

Answer 45

insulin receptors on body cells become less responsive to insulin

Question 46

People who are lactose intolerant have uncomfortable symptoms after consuming milk and other dairy products such as nausea, gas, bloating, and diarrhea. These people lack the enzyme

Answer 46

lactase

Question 47

A food desert can be defined as:

Answer 47

an environment that lacks access to affordable, nutritious foods

Question 48

Who among the following are at high risk of food insecurity?

Answer 48

Older adults

Question 49

During protein digestion, protein breakdown into its amino acids is completed by all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 49

secretin produced in the small intestine

Question 50

*Why can’t humans digest fiber in the small intestine, even though it is considered a carbohydrate?

Answer 50

humans lack the enzymes required to break the chemical bonds of fiber

Question 51

Which of the following individuals is most at risk for Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 51

a 200-pound woman who is sedentary

Question 52

*Eating two or more plant foods that together will provide all of the essential amino acids is called

Answer 52

veganism

Question 53

John consumes a glass of milk. Afterwards he breaks out in hives and has difficulty breathing. John most likely has

Answer 53

an allergy to milk

Question 54

How many TOTAL amino acids are required to make all body proteins?

Answer 54

20

Question 55

The hormone secretin is secreted from the duodenum when chyme enters. This hormone

Answer 55

travels to the pancreas, telling it to release bicarbonate

Question 56

Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?

Answer 56

it must be supplied by the diet

Question 57

Texas has lower rates of food insecurity than average.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

• Food Insecurity is

Answer 58

a condition whereby a person is not able to access sufficient amounts of nutritious food