test 2 Flashcards
Instinct theory
Human behaviour is motivated by certain innate, unlearned tendencies that are shared by all individuals
Drive-Reduction Theory
Need gives rise to an-internal state of tension called a drive, person or organism is motivated to reduce it
Arousal theory
people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal
What is Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance on a task is best when arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task
Incentive theory
Motivation results from external stimuli that pull the organism in certain directions
Cognitive theories
explaining things to ourselves
Explain how Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs changes across cultures?
Different cultures can place the order of needs differently
What view is psychometric intelligence based on?
The view is based on the assumption that our intelligence can receive a numerical value
Who suggested distinguishing between intelligence and intelligent?
Sternberg
Field-dependent style
A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely more on external visual cues and to be primarily socially oriented
Field-Independent style
A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely primarily on bodily cues within themselves and to be less oriented towards social engagement with others
What did Darwin suggest about emotions?
Human feelings are universal because they serve an adaptive purpose
Decoding rules
Rules that govern the interpretation and perception of emotion. Culturally based rules that shape how people of each culture interpret emotional expression
Individualism positively correlates with?
intensity ratings of anger and fear
When is the ergo-tropic system activated?
When there is the possibility of responding to stimuli.
What is the ergo-tropic systems main function?
control moment by moment adaptation to events in the world.
What system does the Trophotropic system incorporate
parasympathetic system
What is the Trophotropic systems function?
maintain the optimum internal balance of bodily functions for development and wellbeing
Emotion antecedents
Events or situations that trigger or elicit an emotion
What was the point of using Thematic Apperception tests?
To measure differences in achievement motivation
What is McClelland achievement motivation theory?
that every person has 1 of 3 driving motivators: need for achievement, affiliation, or power.
Hostile agression
aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself; the goal here is to injure someone
instrumental aggression
aims to hurt only as a means to some end
Freud-Thanatos
death instinct, aggression is built into us
What did Dollard suggest?
Suggest that frustrations triggers aggression. (Frustration agression theory)
Spearman the g factor theory
responsible for overall performance on mental ability test. Believed if some one excelled in one are would be good in others.
Those who hold a g factor belief on intelligence would believe that…?
intelligence can be measured and expressed by a single number such as an IQ score
