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Operation Management > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

Chapter 5, 6, 7, and 8

1
Q

Why is it necessary to document explicitly?

A

The production personnel needs clear, specific documents in order for them to produce the product. Some documents that will be done include an assembly drawing, assembly chart, route sheet, work order, and engineering change notice.

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2
Q

What techniques do we use to define a product?

A

Manufactured items are defined by an engineering drawing that shows the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and finishes of the component. A bill of material is a list of the hierarchy of components, their descriptions, and the quality of each required to make one unit of a product.

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3
Q

What is a time-based competition?

A

Time-based competition is competition based on time; rapidly developing products and moving them to the market. This type of competition depends on fast communication, rapid technological change, and short product life cycles that push product development.

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4
Q

Explain what is meant by robust design?

A

Robust design is when the design can still be produced to the requirements even with unfavorable conditions in the production process. Small variations in production and assembly do not adversely affect the product.

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5
Q

What information is contained in a bill of material?

A

The Bill of material (BOM) is a list of the hierarchy of components, their description, and the quantity of each required to make one unit of a product.

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6
Q

What information is contained in an engineering drawing?

A

The engineering drawing shows the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and finishes of a component. The engineering drawing is listed on the (BOM.)

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7
Q

Explain what is meant in service by the “moment of truth”?

A

“The moment of truth is the moment the customer’s satisfaction with the service is defined. The moment of truth is the moment that exemplifies, enhances, or detracts from the customer’s expectations.

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8
Q

What is the process chain?

A

A process chain is a sequence of steps that accomplish an activity, such as building a home, completing a tax return, or preparing a sandwich

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9
Q

Why are documents for service useful?

A

The documents for services are useful to help employees deliver their services to the company’s desired quality.

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10
Q

Provide four types of documents for service.

A

Often the documents for service will be explicit job instructions or a script. Telemarketers use telephone scripts, books use a manuscript, and a storyboard is used for a movie and TV production.

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11
Q

What is a graphic technique for defining the relationship between customer desires and product?

A

House of Quality

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12
Q

Triple Bottom Line

A

3 P’s ( People. Planet, and Profit )

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13
Q

A process is a type of….?

A

Route sheet

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14
Q

What are the four stages of a life cycle?

A

Introduction, growth, maturity, and decline

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15
Q

What is one of the results of concurrent engineering in product design?

A

Speedier product development

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16
Q

Which stage of the product life cycle is product focuses on improved cost control?

A

Maturity

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17
Q

What are some changes in which operations managers must be able to anticipate?

A

Product mix, product opportunities, the product themselves, product volume

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18
Q

What does a route sheet provide?

A

A sequence of operations necessary to produce the component

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19
Q

What shows how the product is assembled?

A

An assembly charts

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20
Q

What does an assembly drawing show?

A

Shows an exploded view of the product

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21
Q

List Shewhart’s two types of variation.

A

· Variation in common (natural) causes

· Variation in special (assignable) causes

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22
Q

Define “in statistical control”

A

when the only source of variation is common (natural) causes.

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23
Q

What might cause a process to be out of control?

A

· If the distribution is disrupted

· As long as the natural variations or common causes remains within the specified limits.

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24
Q

List some possible causes of assignable variation.

A

· Machine wear
· Misadjusted equipment
· Fatigued or untrained workers
· New batches of raw material

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25
Q

Can a production process be labeled as “ out of control” because it is too good? WHY

A

If production has an increase in the variation the process is not stable over time and is not predictable. The samples will yield unexpected distributions that vary by central tendency, standard deviation, and shape.

26
Q

What is a run test, and when is it used?

A

The run test is used to examine the points in a control chart to see if a nonrandom variation is present. It is used to flag variations to determine if the test data is stable.

27
Q

Discuss the managerial issues regarding the use of control charts.

A

Employees waste time and therefore money. Managers must make three decisions regarding control charts. They must select the points in their process that need SPC, they need to decide if the chart they are using is appropriate, and the company must set clear and specific SPC policies for their employees to follow.

28
Q

What is an OC curve?

A

The OC curve describes how well an acceptance plan discriminates between good and bad lots. A curve pertains to a specific plan- that is, to a combination of sample size (n) and acceptance level ©. It is intended to show the probability that the plan will accept lots of various quality levels.

29
Q

A Six Sigma program has how many defects per million?

A

3.4 million

30
Q

What is a user-based definition of quality?

A

Quality lies in the eyes of the beholder

31
Q

What is poka-yoke?

A

A checklist

32
Q

A fishbone chart is also known as a?

A

Cause-and-effect diagram

33
Q

A good description of source inspection is inspecting:

A

One’s own word

34
Q

A Pareto chart

A

A production manager at a pottery factory has noticed that about 70 percent of defects result from impurities in raw materials, 15 percent result in human error, 10 percent from machine malfunction. And 5 percent in something else…?

35
Q

What is a Ishikawa diagram used for?

A

Attempts to identify the factors responsible for flaws in a product

36
Q

A successful TQM program incorporates what

A

A centralized decision-making authority

37
Q

A successful quality strategy feature includes?

A

An organization culture that fosters quality, an understanding of the principles of quality, an understanding of the principals of quality, and engaging employees in the necessary activities to implement quality

38
Q

What is manufacturing-based definition of quality?

A

Quality is the degree to which a specific product confronts conforms to standards

39
Q

What cost are likely to decrease as a result of better quality?

A

Inspection cost, scrap cost, warranty & services cost

40
Q

Based on his 14 points, Deming is a strong proponent of:

A

Training and knowledge

41
Q

What is process strategy?

A

Process strategy is an organization’s approach to transforming resources into goods and services. The objective is to create a process that can produce offerings that meet customer requirements within cost and other managerial constraints.

42
Q

What are the techniques for improving service productivity?

A
  • Separation- Structuring service so customers must go where the service is offered.
  • Self-service- Customers examine, compare, and check out at their own pace.
  • Postponement- Customizing at delivery.
  • Focus- Restricting the offerings.
  • Modules- Selection of the service and modular production.
  • Automation- Separation services that may lend themselves to some type of automation
  • Scheduling- Precise personnel scheduling.
  • Training- Clarifying the service options explaining how to avoid problems.
43
Q

What is CMI?

A

Computer-Integrated Technology- A manufacturing system in which CAD, FMS, inventory control, warehousing, and shipping are integrated.

44
Q

What is a numerically controlled machine?

A

Computer Numerical Controls (CNC)- Machinery with its own computer and memory.

45
Q

What type of process is used for making each of the following products?

A

Beer- Product focus, (high-volume, low-variety, continuous processes)

Wedding invitations- Repetitive focus, (Modular)

Automobiles- Mass Customization, (high-volume, high-variety)

Paper- Repetitive focus, (Modular)

Big Macs- Product focus, (high-volume, low-variety, continuous processes)

Custom Homes- Process focus, (Low-volume, high-variety, intermittent process)

Motorcycles- Repetitive focus, (Modular)

46
Q

What is service blueprinting?

A

Service blueprinting is a process analysis technique that lends itself to a focus on the customer and the provider’s interaction with the customer.

47
Q

What is additive manufacturing?

A

Adaptive manufacturing- The production of physical items by adding layer upon layer, much in the same way an inkjet printer lays down ink.

48
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing?

A

The advantages of 3D printing include the creation of intricate shapes, complex parts, high repeatability, improved productivity for the whole process, availability of several different materials, and can eliminate the need for welding parts. The disadvantages are higher initial cost, more space is required for the process, increased complexity, the skill of the operator must be improved.

49
Q

Why do so many U.S. firms build facilities in other countries?

A

The objective of the location strategy is to maximize the benefit of the location to the firm. Manu U.S. firms build their facilities in other countries because of the development of globalization such as market economics, better international communications, more rapid, reliable travel and shipping, ease of capital flow between countries, and high differences in labor cost.

50
Q

Why do so many foreign companies build facilities in the U.S.?

A

Manufacturing firms find it useful to be close to customers when transporting finished goods is expensive or difficult. To be near U.S. markets, foreign-owned auto giants such as Mercedes, Honda, Toyota, and Hyundai are building millions of cars each year in the US.

51
Q

What is clustering?

A

Clustering is the location of competing companies near each other, often because of a critical mass of information, talent, venture capital, or natural resources.

52
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a qualitative approach to location decision making?

A

To evaluate the cost of location decision making the company needs to factor both tangible and intangible costs. The tangible cost is easily quantified and can create forecasts and projections. The intangible cost is less easily quantified but consider more qualitative cost. The qualitative reasons can benefit as more fundamental reasoning to your location decision.

53
Q

Provide two examples of clustering in the service sector.

A

Theme parks such as Disney World and Universal Studios and Fast-food chains such as McDonalds and Wendy’s are both service companies that cluster near competitors.

54
Q

What factors affect region/community location decisions?

A

The Center of Gravity Method affects decisions on region/community location decisions. This is because this method is a mathematical technique is used for finding the best location for a single distribution point that services several stores or areas.

55
Q

Why shouldn’t low wage rate alone be sufficient to select a location?

A

Firms can sometimes take advantage of a particular exchange rate by relocating or exporting to a foreign country; However, the values of foreign currencies continually rise and fall in most countries. Operational hedging describes the situation where firms have excess capacity in multiple countries and then shift production levels from location to location as exchange rates change.

56
Q

List the techniques used by service organizations to select locations.

A

a. The purchasing power of the customer-drawing area
b. Service and image compatibility with demographics of the customer-drawing area.
c. Competition in area
d. quality of the competition
e. The uniqueness of the firm’s and competitors’ locations
f. Physical qualities of facilities and neighboring businesses
g. Operating policies of the firm
h. Quality of management.

57
Q

If a bad lot is accepted what type of error occurs?

A

A Type II Error

58
Q

A run test is used to do what?

A

To examine points in a control chart to check for nonrandom variability

59
Q

An operating characteristic curve can describe what?

A

The ability to discriminate between low-quality lots and high-quality lots

60
Q

An operating characteristics (OC) curve describes?

A

How well an acceptance sampling plan discriminates between good and bad lots

61
Q

Control charts for variables are based on data that comes from:

A

Averages of small samples

Operation Management (1 decks)

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