Test 2 Flashcards
Which aspect of the management process involves determining what the organization needs to do and how best to get it done?
Planning
The first step in the planning process is determining goals. What is the next step?
Developing a comprehensive strategy
Which description identifies the organizing function of the management process?
Determining how best to arrange an organization’s resources into a coherent structure
Which description identifies the controlling function of the management process?
Monitoring a firm’s performance to ensure that it is meeting its goals
Which type of manager is responsible for implementing the strategies, policies, and decisions made by top managers?
Middle manager
Which level of management sets general policies, formulates strategies, approves all significant decisions, and represents the company in dealings with other firms and with government bodies?
Top managers
Which of the following managers depend most on conceptual skills?
Top managers
A manager is expected to serve in what interpersonal capacity when coordinating people, groups, and organizations?
Liaison
What type of skill is needed to understand foreign markets, cultural differences, and motives of foreign rivals?
Global management
When the finance department has a goal of a 3 percent increase in return on investment in three years, what type of goal is the organization setting?
An intermediate goal
When conducting a SWOT analysis of an organization, which question can help management brainstorm for the strengths section of the analysis?
What does the organization offer that makes it stand out from other organizations?
When conducting a SWOT analysis of an organization, which question can help management brainstorm for the opportunities section of the analysis?
What external changes present interesting possibilities?
What is the advantage of an organizational structure that is unstructured and informal?
The structure is more adaptable to the environment.
Reporting relationships within a company are indicated on an organization chart and represent
Chain of command
Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization?
Workers can develop expertise in their jobs
What is the advantage of using product departmentalization?
Managers can focus on specific product lines.
What is dividing a store into a men’s department, a women’s department, and a luggage department an example of?
Customer departmentalization
What is the main organizational characteristic of decentralized firms?
Flat
In what type of organization is decision-making authority delegated to levels of management at various points below the top?
Decentralized
Which of the following BEST describes accountability?
The obligation employees have to their manager for the successful completion of an assigned task
When a company produces products when consumers want them, it creates which type of utility?
Time
Which term describes services that cannot be produced ahead of time?
Unstorable
Which of the following is critical to the success or failure of service operations?
Provider-customer contact
In which type of system must the customer be actively involved in order to receive the good or service?
High-contact
What goods-producing operations method is designed around specific customer
Make-to-order
When a firm produces goods for mass consumption, what type of goods production method is generally used?
Make-to-stock
What term describes a special ability that production does especially well to outperform the competition?
Operations capability
What type of service is being given when a product performs reliably, has an appealing fit and consistently meets or exceeds customer expectations?
Quality
What type of strategy to attract customers should a firm that promotes quick and on time delivery utilize?
Dependability
Which of the following helps to determine operations capabilities?
Business strategy
Which type of strategy emphasizes low overhead and inventory, and a limited assortment of products to attract customers?
Low-cost
Examining step-by-step procedures to reduce inefficiency most centrally involves which approach?
Methods improvement
Machine, woodworking, and dry cleaning shops typically use which type of layout?
Custom-products
Which type of layout is designed to move resources through a smooth, fixed sequence of steps?
Same-steps
Which of the following is an advantage of using a product layout plan?
Unskilled labor can be utilized
Which of the following is the amount of a product that a company can produce under normal working conditions?
Capacity
Equipment and people are grouped according to function in which type of production layout?
Custom-products
Which term refers to how well a product does what it is supposed to do?
Performance
What type of planning has the greatest effect on production costs and flexibility?
Location
Which of the following affects how efficiently a company can respond to demand for more or different products and their ability to match competitors speed and convenience?
Layout planning
What is the main advantage of effective process layouts?
Flexibility
What can be used to identify the sequence of activities, movements of materials and work performed?
Process flowcharts
Which of the following would be best used when producing make-to-stock operations or mass production of a product?
Assembly line layout
Why do organizations use fixed-position layouts for some goods or services?
When it is difficult to move the good or service
Which of the following is a scheduling tool that breaks down large projects into steps to be performed and specifies the time required to perform each one?
Gantt chart
Which of the following tracks which service or products will be produced and when?
Master operations schedule
Which scheduling tool shows the necessary sequence of activities in a project and identifies the critical path?
PERT chart
Which of the following would be used to provide coordination for completing large-scale projects?
Project schedules
Which of the following breaks large tasks down to a series of smaller steps and includes all activities to successfully perform the task?
Gantt chart
What is the main advantage of using a PERT chart on a large scale project?
It shows the most time-consuming path for project completion.
In operations control, production managers monitor production performance by which method?
Comparing results with detailed plans and schedules
Which type of system is designed for smooth production flow to avoid inefficiencies, eliminate unnecessary inventories, and continuously improve production processes?
Lean system
What is the name for a production system in which all the needed materials and parts arrive at the precise moment they are required for each production stage?
Just-in-time production
Which of the following refers to the receiving, storing, handling, and counting of all raw materials, partly finished goods, and finished goods?
Inventory control
Which department is responsible for ensuring that operations departments produce products that meet specific, predetermined standards?
Quality control
How can managers and employees support quality control efforts within the organization?
Identify and correct mistakes and failures
Which of the following identifies the process of determining which outside firm will provide service and materials for the production process?
Supplier selection
Which material management process describes the movement of finished goods from a business to the customer?
Transportation
Which material management process stores incoming materials for production and finished goods for distribution?
Warehousing
Which of the following terms includes all activities involved in getting quality products into the marketplace?
Total quality management
What should a firm use to evaluate the work activities, materials flow and paperwork in an effort to determine how those activities provide benefit for the customers?
Value-added analysis
Which term describes the idea that quality belongs to each person who creates it while performing a job?
Quality ownership
Which of the following is patterned after the successful Japanese concept of quality circles?
Quality improvement team
Which of the following BEST describes total quality management?
The sum of all activities involved in getting high-quality products into the marketplace
Which of the following BEST describes competitive product analysis?
The process by which a company analyzes a different company’s products to identify desirable improvements
Which term refers to collaborative groups of employees from various work areas who meet regularly to define, analyze, and solve common production problems?
Quality improvement teams
Which of the following BEST describes ISO 9000?
A program certifying that a factory, laboratory, or office has met the quality management standards of the International Organization for Standardization
Which of the following BEST describes ISO 14000?
A certification program attesting to the fact that a factory, laboratory, or office has improved environmental performance
Which term refers to the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of a business activity to achieve dramatic improvements in performance?
Business process reengineering
Successful companies often focus total quality management efforts on both the quantity and quality of goods produced or delivered, known as
Productivity
Which term refers to the strategy of paying suppliers and distributors to perform certain business processes or to provide needed materials or services?
Outsourcing
Which of the following BEST describes supply chain management?
The principle of looking at the supply chain as a whole in order to improve the overall flow through the system
The systematic direction and control of activities that transform resources into finished products is known as which of the following?
Operations management
How do firms create benefits for themselves and their customers and effectively use resources such as knowledge, physical materials, equipment, and information?
By utilizing operations management techniques
Which term refers to all the activities involved in making products—goods and services—for customers?
Operations
What is the term for behavior that is related to doing a certain job?
Performance behavior
Which would an employee who is productive but refuses to help others or the organization be lacking in?
Organizational citizenship
Which of the following is NOT a central aspect of organizational citizenship?
Business field
Which of these behaviors BEST indicates good organizational citizenship?
Being willing to help new employees
Which of these “big five” personality traits is an indication of how open or rigid a person is in terms of his or her beliefs?
Openness
Which of the following might you, as a manager, expect to see in an employee who has a low degree of conscientiousness?
A tendency to be unprepared at meetings
If a task involves a high level of detail, which type of personality would be best suited to perform the task?
One who exhibits high conscientiousness and low extraversion
The extent to which people are self-aware, able to manage their emotions, and motivate others is an aspect of which of the following?
Emotional intelligence
If an employee has a tendency to focus on relatively few tasks at one time, what type of personality trait is considered to be high?
Conscientiousness
What is the result of a person behaving in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
When an employee sees themselves as a member of the team and can easily identify with the organization’s mission, what is the result?
Organizational commitment
Those employees who like to experiment with new ideas or gamble on the development of new products are considered to have a higher degree of
Propensity for risk
What causes people to behave in a certain way on the job?
Motivation
What is the Hawthorne effect?
The conclusion that workers are more productive if management pays attention to them
What is MOST useful about Theory X and Theory Y?
They shed light on managers’ attitudes toward employees.
According to Maslow’s model, a set of needs will be a motivator until which of the following occurs?
New needs are identified.
If a manager believes that his employees are self-motivated and growth-oriented, what type of manager is he?
Theory Y
The most productive employee in the department doesn’t apply for a job opening they are well suited for, in spite of an excellent record and the pay and prestige associated with the new job. The employee believes that the job will go to someone who has more seniority. Based on expectancy theory, which would explain why the employee doesn’t apply for the job?
The performance-reward issue
An employee’s level of effort began to decline when they learned a new employee with far less experience was hired at the same salary. The employee’s lack of motivation can best be described by which theory of motivation?
Equity
Which of the following, if true, would BEST show that a manager’s strategy for motivating his team is consistent with “Theory Y” about employee motivation?
The employees would need to see their work as contributing to a success that they share in.
If, instead of offering incentives for sales goals, a manager were to get ideas on increasing sales revenue from his sales team to implement, which of the following would MOST likely result?
The sales team would be more motivated by feeling more invested in the process.
According to McGregor, what motivational theory beliefs will result in managers most likely to have satisfied and motivated employees?
Theory Y
According to McClelland, what is the need for achievement based on?
The desire to accomplish a goal or task as effectively as possible
According to which theory are employees given a voice in how they do their jobs and how the company is managed?
Participative management and empowerment
Which of the following is the most frequently used method of setting performance goals to motivate behavior?
Management by objectives
What type of power is granted through the established hierarchy within the organization?
Legitimate power
When someone is able to act as both a leader and a manager, what type of power to they possess that others often do not?
Expert power
Leadership researchers in the late 1940s believed that leaders should engage in which of the following behaviors?
Both employee-focused leader behavior and task-focused leader behavior in equal amounts
What was a major problem with the trait approach to leadership?
The results were too inconsistent and thus not very practical.
Which of the following BEST describes employee-focused leader behavior?
Concentration on both the satisfaction and the well-being of employees
In interviews with two leadership applicants, a manager tried to determine each person’s knowledge of the industry, level of energy, and level of self-esteem. With which of the following concepts of leadership is the manager MOST concerned here?
Trait-based leadership
Which of the following statements BEST describes the assumptions made by researchers of the behavioral approach to leadership?
Behaviors of effective leaders are the same in all situations
What type of leader behavior is focused on the motivation and well-being of the employees?
Employee
Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?
Effective managers lead for stability, whereas visionary leaders lead for change.
According to the situational approach to leadership, the extent to which a leader or subordinate is involved in decision making depends on characteristics of which aspects of an organization?
The leader, followers, and the situation
Which of the following models of leadership is based on the expectancy theory of motivation and suggests that the function of a leader is to make rewards available to the workplace?
Path-goal
Which method of leadership encourages supervisors to establish a small number of trusted subordinates and give them special duties and privileges?
Leader-member exchange
Which of the following describes one of the primary concerns associated with charismatic leadership due to severe devotion to a particular leader?
The potential lapse of ethical practices
According to current theories of gender roles in leadership, which of the following BEST describes the differences in decision making?
Males tend to be more autocratic than females in making decisions
In exercising strategic leadership, what is a leader MOST likely to do?
Align the company with its environment
