Test 2 Flashcards
Direct/Procured Abortion
The deliberate and direct killing, by whatever means it is carried out, of a human being in the initial phase of his/her existence extending from conception to birth
Moral Object of Abortion
Type of murder (The direct/deliberate killing of innocents) in the womb
Intention of Abortion
“Deliberate”=Intrinsic evil so necessarily intend the act
Circumstances of Abortion
Consequence is death of an innocent and alive baby, in the womb (form conception to birth
Personhood is a
Philisophical question
Philosophy in relation to Theology
Philosophy is the handmaiden of theology
Moral question of abortion
How do we treat the human fetus?
Treat with the same dignity we treat other humans
If there is doubt in our conscience
Then we should err on the side of caution
Competance of Church
Faith and Morals
Is the embryo/fetus living?
Growing, reproducing, cells responding to stimulus, metabolism, adapt to the environment
Is the embryo/fetus a human life?
It has unique DNA
Is the embryo/fetus an individual Human life?
It has unique DNA
Unipotent Cells
“One Potential”
About 120 types
Can only produce cells of their own kind
Multipotent
“Many Potential”
Can produce into many different but not all cells
Adult stem cells can come from the spinal cord/liver
Pluripotent
Can produce all 120 types of cells
can come from embryos (3-5 days old)
Embryonic germ cells
Church’s position on adult stem cells
Supportive of adult stem cell research
Principles
Help Moral theory to achieve its aims
Pluripotent cells
Induced pluripotent stem lells (iPS)
It is permissable to use iPS cells
Legitament Medical Procedure
Indirect Abortion
Goods
Knowledge
procreation
life
sociability
Principle of Double effect
Moral principle used when one action has one good effect and one bad effect
Used when promoting good of life and harming good of life
Tells you if an act is morally permissable
Four conditions of PDE
Object
Intention
Are you sure?
Circumstances
Object PDE
The object has to be morally good or at least neutral
Intention PDE
Can only be for the good effect
You can foresee the bad effect
Are you sure? PDE
Bad effect can not be the means (cause of) to the good effect
The good effect must occur at least as immediately as the bad effect
Circumstances PDE
The good effect must be at least as significant as the bad effect (must be proportionate)
Principles are not
Mathematical equations
You need moral judgement, prudence, a conscience formed by catholic teaching
Maternal Fetal Conflict
Conflict between the mother and the fetus
TOB 1
Human beings are made incomplete
We yearn to be in communion with other people
TOB 2
In order to find ourselves we have to give ourselves
TOB 3
Sexual intercourse in marriage is the most radical form of self giving
Only action where we can completely give ourselves to another person
TOB 4
“Language of the body”
With our bodies we say I give myself to you freely, totally, faithfully, fruitfully
How does God love?
Freely, totally, faithfully and fruitfully
Direct Contraception/sterilization
Every action which whether in anticipation of the conjugal act or in its accomplishment, or in its development of its natural consequences proposes, wher as an end or as a means to render procreation impossible
Intention of Contraception
Proposes to render procreation impossible
To render a fertile act infertile
Circumstances of Contraception
Anticipation, accomplishment, development of the conjugal act
Fertile Act
An act that is per se ordered towards procreation
Sex is ordered towards
Procreation
NFP
1) Have intercourse when woman is likely infertile (not bad)
2) Abstaining from intercourse during fertile times (not bad)
Responsible parenthood
Married couples have a duty to be responsible to their kids
Contraception in case of sexual assault
Can not intend to cause an abortion
Not freely chosen so you are preventing further violation
It is medically inappropriate to give contraception to a woman who is already pregnant
Indirect sterilization
Actions whose direct effect is the cure or alleviation of a present and serious pathology and a simpler treatment is not available
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs)
Fertility treatments involving the handling of both the egg and the sperm
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Sperm is injected into the egg
Zygot intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
Fertilized eggs are placed in the fallopian tubes
Gammete intrafallopian Transfer
Fertilization is done in the fallopian tube
Conception occurs within womans body
Artificial insemination
Only handle the sperm
Deposit sperm in womens reproductive tract
Infertility
The inability to conceive after 1 year of normal sexual intercourse
Homologous
Only the spouse’s gametes
Heterologous
At least one donor (Includes surrogate mother)
ARTs that replace the conjugal act
IVF, ICSI, ZIFT
ARTs that are ambiguous
GIFT, AI (Homologous not heterologous)
Embryo Adoption
The church is ambiguous about whether it is morally permissible or not
“Intention is praiseworthy but problematic)
IVF is intrinsically problematic
It causes a complete separation of the conjugal act
Moral object of IVF
Complete seperation between procreation and the conjugal act
Embryo Adoption Physical action
Rescue
Embryo Adoption Moral Object
Heterologous violation of the conjugal act
NaPro
Intention is to diagnose and treat the cause of infertility
Medical and surgical approaches
Arguements against ARTs are based on
The nature of the acts
Arguement from Inseperability
ARTs Seperate the unitive and procreative demensions of the conjugal act
Undermine procreation as well
Exercise of Domination over the child
ARTs violate the rights of children (conceived through sexual intercourse, to know biological parents)
Conceived outside of the conjugal act
Not personal, violates the rights of the spouse (donor), violates marital vows
Fallible
Capable of making mistakes
Dissent
Public opposition to church teachings
Assent
Agreement to church teaching
Ethical Religious Directives for Catholic teaching
ERDs help with healthcare isseus that require professional healthcare help
Magisterium
CCC
Encyclicals
Congregation Doctrine of Faith
Grace
Undeserved help from god
Virtue
Good habits infused in our soul
Stable disposition for the good
Infused Virtue
Infusion to do good by the Holy Spirit
Prudence
The virtue that disposes practical reason to discern our true good in every circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it
Proportionalism
Does not think that there is such a thing as intrinsic evil
Implies you can have a physical action without spiritual consequences: Contradicts the unity of soul and body
Values Contraception
Values=Unity of the couple, Ensure couple does not have a child when they can not support it
Disvalues of contraception
Seperates the procreative and unitive dimensions of the conjugal act
Hysterectomy
Surgery to remove a woman’s uterus or owmb
pROM Induction With infection
Object=Saving the mothers life by induction
Intention=To save the life of the mother
Removal of membranes is what is the means not the death of the baby
It is proportionate
pROM With infection-D and E
Physical action=D and E
Object=Direct abortion
Intention=to save the mothers life and to kill the baby
Tubal ligation to reduce the risk of life threatening pregnancy
Physical Action=Bilateral Tubal Ligation
Moral Object=Direct Sterilization
Intention=To prevent future high risk pregnancies
Bad effect is the means, and the good effect is not as immediate
Proportionality=Good is not as proportional as the bad
IUD in order to treat severe menorrhagia causing menstrual bleeding
Physical Action=Placing IUD
Intention=For the good
The placing of the IUD, not infertility, is what controls the bleeding
Proportionality=Proportional (Present/serious)
Bilateral Salpingectomy in order to reduce risk of ovarian cancer
Physical Action=Bilateral Salpingectomy
Moral Object=Reducing the risk of ovarian cancer
Intention=To reduce the risk of cancer (Only for the good)
The good (preventing cancer) does occur as immediately as the bad (sterilization), and sterilization is not the means
The good (reducing the risk of pregnancy) is proportionate to the bad (sterilization) (Debated)
