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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Common name for Artemisia abinthium

A

Wormwood

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2
Q

Common name for Aesculus hippocastanum

A

Horse Chestnut

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3
Q

Common name for Rauvolfia serpentina

A

Indian Snakeroot

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4
Q

Common name for Digitalis spp.

A

Foxglove

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5
Q

Common name for Passiforna incarnata

A

Passion flower

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6
Q

Common name for Melissa offinalis

A

Lemon Balm

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7
Q

Common name for Humulus lupulus

A

Hops

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8
Q

Common name for Taraxacum offinalis

A

Dandelion

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9
Q

Common name for Vaccinium murtillius

A

Bilbery

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10
Q

Common name for Crateagus monogyne

A

Hawthorne

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11
Q

Common name for Piper methysticum

A

Kava

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12
Q

Common name for Citrus aurantium

A

Bitter orange

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13
Q

Peppermint oil in combination with which other essential oil has been shown helpful for functional dyspepsia?

A

Caraway oil

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14
Q

For what causes of nausea and vomiting is ginger most effective for treatment or prevention?

A

Sea sickness, morning sickness, and chemotherapy

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15
Q

Combinations of valerian and which two herbs have been studied in different clinical studies reviewed in our text?

A

Hops and lemon balm

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16
Q

Common name for Glycyrrhiza glabra

A

Licorice

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17
Q

What partnof the plant is used in St. John’s Wort?

A

Leaf and flowers

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18
Q

Clinical prep of 4:7?

A

St. John’s wort

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19
Q

Climicl prep of 35:67:1?

A

Ginkgo Biloba

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20
Q

Alcohol- water extract?

A

St. John’s wort

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21
Q

Acetone- water extract?

A

Ginkgo biloba

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22
Q

What are the 2 family constituents of Ginkgo biloba?

A

Flavonoids and terpene lactones

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23
Q

What inhibits synaptic reuptake of inhibitors?

A

St. John’s wort

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24
Q

Part of the plant used in Ginkgo?

A

leaf

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25
Q

Increases tolerance of brain hypoxia deficiency?

A

Ginkgo

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26
Q

Increases skin response to UV radiation?

A

St. John’s wort

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27
Q

Upregulates 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors?

A

St. John’s wort

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28
Q

The Placebo effect accounts for 50% of the effects of St. John’s wort.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

Inhibits PAF

A

Ginkgo

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30
Q

Marked improvements of st. johns. wort can be expected within 1-2 weeks of use.

A

FALSE

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31
Q

Only SJW with moderate to high hyperforin content have been found effective in clinical trials.

32
Q

Digoxin is isolated from?

33
Q

Active constituent of Hawthorne?

A

Flavonoids

34
Q

Part of the plant used in kava?

35
Q

Active constituent of horse chestnut?

36
Q

What is the correct description of the extraction method to produce WS 1442?

A

Water and alcohol extraction

37
Q

Active constituent of turmeric?

38
Q

Which component of licorice has mineralocorticoid-like action, and is removed in some formulations to prevent side effects of blood pressure elevation and potassium loss?

A

Glycyrrhizin

39
Q

All but one of the following herbs is a source of digitaloids that are not recommended for phytotherapeutic use due to their pharmacokinetic and other shortcomings. Which one?

  1. Lily-of-the-valley
  2. Oleander
  3. False hellbore
  4. Foxglove
40
Q

Upon which neurotransmitter does valerian appear to exert its pharmacological effects?

41
Q

What is the active constituent of Valerian?

humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones

A

Sesquiterpenes

42
Q 
What is the plant part primarily used in Passion flower? 
flowers only, any gender 
root 
aerial parts, including fruits 
stobiles (female flowers) 
rhizome
A

Aerial parts

43
Q

In the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, peppermint (Mentha × piperita) oil given in delayed-release (enteric-coated) formulations has more clinical evidence than conventional formulations, and may be less likely to cause side effects of nausea, heartburn, and abdominal discomfort.

44
Q

How does hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract differ pharmacologically from cardiac glycosides such as digitalis?

  1. Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet proarrhythmic
  2. Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet proarrhythmic
  3. Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
  4. Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
45
Q 
What is the plant part primarily used in Lavender? 
flowers only, any gender 
root 
aerial parts, including fruits 
stobiles (female flowers) 
rhizome
46
Q 
Inhibits age-related decline of choline and alpha-adrenergic receptors: 
Hypericum perforatum (St John's-wort) or Gingko biloba
47
Q

T or F: Aqueous and ethanol extracts of valerian root are equivalent in the quality of their actions.

48
Q 
What is the plant part primarily used in Hops (Humulus lupulus)? 
flowers only, any gender 
root 
aerial parts, including fruits 
stobiles (female flowers) 
rhizome
49
Q

Which potential adverse reaction to kava (Piper methysticum) has led to a product recall in Europe and a public warning issued by the US FDA?

  1. Liver damage
  2. Carcinogenicity
  3. Teratogenicity
  4. Kidney damage
A

Liver damage

50
Q

best herb for: Peptic ulcer

51
Q

T or F: Kuhlmann (1999) demonstrated that valerian extract had no adverse effects on the reaction time, alertness, or concentration

52
Q

T or F: Patients with sleep disturbances can expect to achieve improvement after only a few days of valerian use.

53
Q

All of the following measures except one were affected in human studies of the effects of lavender. Which measure was not assessed?

  1. Reductions in blood markers of the stress response
  2. Decline in EEG potentials that correlate with vigilance and alertness
  3. More relaxed and less depressed self-rated mood
  4. Increased “happiness” based on autonomic nervous system responses
  5. Self-rated sedation
54
Q

What are the reported side effects of Kava (Piper methysticum)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson’s disease

55
Q

What is the reported side effect of Lavender (oral use)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson’s disease

56
Q

What is the reported side effect of Lavender (topical use)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson’s disease

57
Q 
Which plant part is used with the herb Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)? 
seed 
leaves and root 
leaves and flowers 
flower
58
Q

T or F: A single dose of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract has discernible effects on subjective complaints related to cardiac insufficiency

59
Q

Indicate all of the pharmacological effects of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extracts demonstrated in preclinical research in vitro or in animal models.

  1. Increase in coronary blood flow
  2. Increased amplitude of myocardial contractions
  3. Cardioprotective effects during recovery from cardiac ischemia, indicated by reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase
  4. Increase in cardiac stroke volume
  5. All of the above
  6. None of the above
60
Q

A combination of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract and what essential oil was found effective for raising blood pressure in subjects with orthostatic hypotension?

A

Camphor oil

61
Q 
Which plant part is used with the herb Hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna)? 
seed 
leaves and root 
leaves and flowers 
flower
A

Leaves and flowers

62
Q

Curcuma longa:

Turmeric
Dandelion
Licorice

63
Q 
best herb for: Irritable bowel syndrome 
Licorice 
Caraway 
Peppermint oil (Mentha × piperita) 
Artichoke
A

Peppermint oil

64
Q

According to our text, what outcomes have been demonstrated in human studies of horse chestnut
(Aesculus hippocastanum) extract? Choose all answers that are correct.

  1. Significantly reduced foot and ankle edema after a long distance airplane flight
  2. Significantly reduced symptomatic complaints in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
  3. Equivalence between horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) extract and compression stocking therapy for reducing edema in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
  4. Significantly reduced leg volume in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
  5. All of the above
65
Q

What is the active constituent of Lavender?

humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones

66
Q

What is the active constituent of Hops (Humulus lupulus)?

humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones

67
Q

Human clinical studies of kava (Piper methysticum) have tested extracts with varying amounts of active constituents; what is the highest percentage content of actives tested?

  1. 70%
  2. 30%
  3. 15%
  4. 50%
68
Q

What is the active constituent of Kava (Piper methysticum)?

humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones

69
Q

What does a cholagogue do in the digestive system?
relieve bloating and fullness
promote bile production and emptying of the gallbladder
stimulate gastric secretions

A

Promote bile production

70
Q

Which of the following best describes the assumption regarding the anti-stress function of herbs such as the ginsengs?

  1. Expands both the adaptation phase and the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
  2. Delays or prevents both the adaptation phase and the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
  3. Expands the adaptation phase while delaying or preventing the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
  4. Expands the exhaustion phase while delaying or preventing the adaptation phase of the stress response.
71
Q

Which subspecies of Valerian is recommended for use in valerian preparations?

  1. indica
  2. edulis
  3. officinalis
  4. japonica
72
Q

Valerian products with a high content of which constituent should not be used due to potential toxicity?

  1. Acetoxyvalerenic acid
  2. Valerenic acid
  3. Valepotriates
73
Q

Part of plant used in Wormwood?

A

Aerial parts including flowers

74
Q

Common name for Iberis amara.

A

Wild candytuft

75
Q

Common name for Paullinia cupana

76
Q

List the herbs containing caffeine and related substances.

A 
Coffee/tea
Guarana seeds 
cola seeds
mate leaves 
cocoa beans

Botanical Medicine (1 decks)

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