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environmental science > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In the real world, many factors determine the number of organisms in any one population. Yet a superfly with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

A

j-shaped growth curve

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2
Q

The demographic transition refers to a country’s change from…

A

high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

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3
Q

Tundra biomes occur…

A

at high latitudes and altitudes, where the growing season is short

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4
Q

A population growing at 2.5% per year should double in about ___ years.

A

28

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5
Q

Widespread starvation is an example of ____ population control

A

density-dependent

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6
Q

Which of the following sequences is an example of exponential growth rate?

A

4,8,16,32

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7
Q

Carrying capacity is the population…

A

that an environment can support on a long-term basis

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8
Q

In a population whose mortality and natality are balanced, there are…

A

about the same number of old and young

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9
Q

Crude birth rates are measured in terms of children born…

A

per 1000 people each year

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10
Q

An “r-adapted” strategy of population growth includes a tendency for…

A

little parental care and protection, production of many small offspring that mature early, and organisms to have short lives and grow rapidly

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11
Q

Life expectancy is the…

A

number of years an individual of a certain age will probably live

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12
Q

Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on…

A

precipitation and temperature

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13
Q

The zero population growth rate in the more highly developed countries is ___ children.

A

2.1

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14
Q

Endocrine disruptors…

A

disrupt normal hormone functions

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15
Q

Teratogens cause abnormal growth specifically in…

A

embryos

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16
Q

If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true?

A

oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body

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17
Q

Hazardous substances ___ while toxins are ____.

A

are dangerous substances; poisonous substances

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18
Q

Biomagnification is a concentration of toxins…

A

as predators consume and store toxins stored in the bodies of their prey

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19
Q

The difference between “total growth rate: and “natural increase” is that total growth rates…

A

include immigration and emigration as well as births and deaths

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20
Q

Highly persistent toxic chemicals…

A

retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment

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21
Q

Historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by…

A

disease, famine and war

22
Q

Deciduous forests…

A

have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

23
Q

In evaluating the interaction of two chemicals that have an adverse impact on a specific organism, the most serious detrimental chemical interaction would be described as…

A

synergistic

24
Q

A dependency ratio is a comparison between the numbers of…

A

working and nonworking people

25
Q

Genetic diversity is lost in a small population when…

A

only a few individuals survive a catastrophe

26
Q

A demographic transition is expected to accompany…

A

economic development and stabilization

27
Q

The histogram on the left represents a population whose birth rates…

A

have recently decreased

28
Q

The population represented by the age class histogram on the right wil…

A

grow substantially in the future

29
Q

Boreal forests are generally…

A

slow-growing because of the cold temperatures

30
Q

Which of the following is an abiotic population control mechanism?

A

water shortages

31
Q

Island biogeography explains the phenomenon of ___ terrestrial species on islands small and far from the mainland when compared to larger islands that are closer to the mainland and have ___ terrestrial species.

A

fewer; more

32
Q

The graph above indicates that more children die…

A

when their mothers are illiterate

33
Q

Wetlands are biomes that…

A

are wet at least some of the year

34
Q

Predation is considered to be a(n) ____ factor.

A

extrinsic and biotic

35
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n)…

A

teratogen

36
Q

Allergens are substances that…

A

activate the immune system

37
Q

Tropical seasonal forests are specially adapted to tolerate…

A

annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain

38
Q

The saying “the dose makes the poison” means that…

A

nearly anything can be toxic at some level

39
Q

What environmental factor does not change between “b” and “e” in the diagram?

A

light penetration, temperature, nutrient availability, and oxygen content

40
Q

What aquatic ecosystem phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram?

A

vertical stratification

41
Q

The biome type that has a short growing season and is summer feeding and breeding grounds for caribou and muck-ox is the…

A

arctic tundra

42
Q

The term “fecundity” refers to an organism’s ___ while fertility is ____.

A

physical ability to reproduce; actual number of offspring produced

43
Q

Malthus argued that ___ is the ultimate cause of social and environmental problems and Marx argued that population growth ____ social and environmental problems.

A

excess population growth; results from

44
Q

Which of the following types of population curves would best represent a group of elephants that enter a new, open habitat and become a stable part of that ecosystem?

A

s-shaped curve

45
Q

Mangrove trees are found along ___ shorelines

A

tropical saltwater

46
Q

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ___ well-being.

A

physical, mental, and social

47
Q

Logistic growth rates are those in which a population…

A

grows rapidly when conditions are good, then slows as it approaches carrying capacity

48
Q

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from…

A

pathogenic organisms

49
Q

Density-independent population control factors cause mortality…

A

regardless of population size

50
Q

Health organizations now use the ____, a tool to _____.

A

DALY; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die

environmental science (3 decks)

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