Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 things a clinician should be able to do to manage perio disease

A

Diagnose accurately

Predict effect of systemic status of disease

Confirm prediction with assessment of therapeutics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 systemic factors that can modify gingival diseases

A

Endocrine system
Blood dyscrasias
Medications
Nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine events that can cause gingivitis

A

Puberty
Menstruation
Pregnancy (gingivitis and pyogenic granuloma)
Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood dyscrasia that can cause gingival disease

How to limit severity

A

Leukemia (acute)

Reduce dental plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 ways medications can modify gingival diseases

A

Gingival enlargement

Oral contraceptive gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nutrition deficiency that can cause gingival disease

A

Ascorbic acid-deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical signs of chronic (adult) periodontitis

A 
Pocket formation
Loss of attachment
Bleeding/suppuration
Bone loss
Tooth mobility and drifting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_ is a frequent finding in chronic perio

A

Subgingival calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic perio is classified by _ and _

A

Extent and severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 common features of aggressive perio

A

Systemically healthy
Rapid attachment loss and bone destruction
Familial aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aggressive perio often has elevated levels of what two bacteria

A

A. a

P. Gingivalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

White cell abnormalities secondary to aggressive perio

A

Phagocyte abnormalities

Hyper-responsive macrophage (high PGE2 and IL-1B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Localized aggressive periodontitis

Onset
Response to infecting agents
Presentation where?

A

Circumpubertal onset
Robust serum antibody response
Localized first molar/incisor presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Generalized aggressive perio usually affects who

A

People under 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serum antibody response in GAP vs. LAP

A

LAP - robust serum antibody response

GAP - poor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In GAP, destruction of attachment and bone is _

A

Episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Periodontitis is associated with what two types of disorders

A

Hematologic

Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The two types of Necrotizing periodontal disease are

A

NUG - necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

NUP - Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical signs of NPD
Early
Advanced

A

Early - necrotic lesion on papilla first, then moving to gingival margin. Punched out appearance. Spontaneous bleeding.

Advanced - lack deep pockets, papillary and margin lesions merge, stinks, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NUP is typically seen in who

A

Severely immunocompromised people (HIV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 characteristics of periodontal health

A

Functional dentition
Painless function
Stability of periodontal apparatus
Psychological and social well being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 values in assessing inflammation

A 
Color
Texture/edema
Bleeding
Exudate
Plaque
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plaque index

A

Amount of plaque at gingival margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PSR:
Purpose
Benefits
Limitations

A

Perio screening and recording

Rapid and effective way to screen and summarizes necessary info

Early detection, speed, simple, cheap, risk management

Not the same as a comp. perio exam, adults only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How to tell if a diagnostic test is valid

A

Sensitive

Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3 categories of diagnostic methods for Perio Diseases, and examples

A
  1. Clinical examination
    - inflammation, probe depth
  2. Lab tests
    - biochemistry, genetic analysis
  3. Non-invasive tools
    - NIR, OCT, ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CBCT

What is it

Promising in what areas

A

Cone beam computed tomography

Intrabony defects
Dehiscence
Fenestration defects
Periodontal cysts
Furcation defects
Thickness of palatal mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sensitivity vs. specificity

A

Probability the test is positive when disease is present

Spec - probability test being negative when disease is not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Micro testing:

Sensitivity

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Immunodiagnostic methods are used mainly to detect

A

Aa and Pg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

3 types of immunodiagnostic methods

A

Cytofluorography

ELISA

Latex agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Several pathogens like Pg, Tf, and Aa have a ___ that hydrolyzes ___

A

Trypsin like enzyme

BANA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

3 molecular biology techniques

A

Nucleic acid probes

Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

PCR (real time too)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

PCR sensitivity and specificity

A

High

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

_ components of GCF have been evaluated

3 main things

A

65

Host enzymes and inhibitors
Tissue breakdown byproducts
Inflammatory and host response mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Intracellular destruction enzymes

What?
Come from?
Examples of some

A

Markers of active perio destruction

From dead or dying PMN/neutrophils from perio

Aspartate amino-transferase
Alkaline phosphatase
B-glucuronidase
Elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Extracellular destruction enzymes are associated with activity of _

Come from _

A

Matrix metalloproteinases

Inflammatory, epith. And connective tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

MMPs are secreted from

MMPs are responsible for _

A

Fibroblasts and macrophages

Remodeling and degradation of ECM components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ECM is composed mainly of what 3 things

A

Collagen
Proteoglycan
Non-collagen proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When collagen breaks down, _ is formed

A

Hydroxyproline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Tissue oxygen at periodontitis is _ compared to gingivitis and healthy sites

A

Significantly lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is SOBT, is it effective?

A

Salivary Occult Blood Test

Simple & for when thorough perio exam isn’t possible

Not a substitute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Bone loss % =

A

CEJ - Crest - 2 mm
__________________
CEJ - Apex - 2 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Mild vs. moderate vs. severe bone loss

A

Mild ≤ 20 < Moderate < 50 ≤ severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Normal alveolar crest sits _

A

2mm below CEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

T/F integrity of crestal lamina dura is related to the presence or absence of visual inflammation

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

_ % of americans over 40 have perio disease

A

64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

3 words that define Epidemiology

A

Origin
Spread
Pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Why use CPITN

A

Community perio index of treatment needs

Determine treatment patient needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

0-4 in CPITN

A 
0 - healthy
1 - bleeding after probing
2 - calculus detected during probing
3 - pocket 4-5 mm
4 - pocket 6 mm or more

X - excluded
9 - not recorded

51
Q

In 14-17 yr olds, Prevalence of:

Localized AP

Generalized AP

Incidental AL

A

LAP - 0.20 +/- 0.22
GAP - 0.13 +/- 0.07
Incidental AL - 1.61 +/- 0.41

52
Q

Advanced levels of perio throughout the world

A

10-20%

53
Q

Peri-mucositis

A

Gingivitis around implants

54
Q

6 characteristics common to all gingival diseases

A
  1. Signs/sympts in gingiva only
  2. Dental plaque present
  3. Inflammation
  4. No attach. Loss or stable periodontium
  5. Reversibility if etiology is removed
  6. Precursor to attachment loss
55
Q

Primary Etiologic factor of gingivitis

A

Bacterial plaque

56
Q

Secondary etiologic factors for gingivitis

A

Calculus
Marginal def. in restorations/rough
Malocclusion
Tooth/root anomalies

57
Q

Biologic width

A

2.04

  1. 97 ep attachment
  2. 07 connective tissue attachment
58
Q

T/F return of inflammation to sites treated for periodontitis is still diagnosed as recurrent periodontitis

A

TRUE

59
Q

3 endocrine factors that modify gingival disease

A

Pregnancy
Puberty
Menstrual cycle

60
Q

Malnutrition gingivitis

A

Vitamin C

Vitamins A, B2, B12 complex

61
Q

Systemic conditions that modify gingivitis

A

Diabetes
Leukemia
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding)
Neutropenia (ulceration)

62
Q

3 meds that can modify gingivitis

A

Anticonvulsants
Immunosuppressant
Ca channel blocking agent

63
Q

2 things that lead to NUG

A

Smoking, stress

64
Q

3 predisposing factors for NUG

A

Systemic disease
-ulcerative colitis, dyscrasia, nutritional deficiency states

Abnormalities of WBC function

AIDS

65
Q

NUG vs. herpetic gingivostomatitis

Etiology

Symptoms

Duration

Contagious

A 
NUG:
Bacteria
Ulceration, necrotic tissue, yellow plaque
1-2 days treated
Not contagious
PHS:
Herpes simplex virus
Multiple vesicles which burst, leaving small fibrin covered ulcers
1-2 weeks
CONTAGIOUS
66
Q

Bacteria that cause gingival lesions

A

N. gonorrhea
T. pallidum
Strep
Mycobacterium chelonae

67
Q

Which herpes simplex causes oral manifestations

A

1

68
Q

Treatment of viral gingival lesions

A

Plaque removal

Antiviral medication

69
Q

Herpes zoster oral lesions treatment

A

Soft diet
Removal of plaque
Diluted chlorhexidine rinse
Antiviral drugs

70
Q

3 fungal oral infections

A

Candidiasis
Linear gingival erythema
Histoplasmosis

71
Q

Pseudomembranous vs. erythematous candidiasis

A

Pseudo is white

Eryth is red

72
Q

Linear gingival erythema

Cause
Treatment
Signs

A

Immunosuppression

Chlorhexidine, antimycotic therapy (don’t scale)

Linear erythematous band in free gingiva

73
Q

Gingival lesion of Genetic origins

A

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis

74
Q

Two types of allergic rxns that cause gingival lesions

Mediated by what

A

Type I, IgE

Type IV, T-cells

75
Q

6 types of gingival lesions of systemic origins

A
  1. Lichen Plano’s
  2. Pemphigoid
  3. Pemphigus vulgaris
  4. Erythema multiforme
  5. Lupus erythematosus
  6. Drug induced mucocutaneous disorders
76
Q

Lichen planus characteristic skin lesion

A

Wickham striae (white lacy)

77
Q

3 characteristics of lichen planus

A

Subepithelial band of lymphocytes (type IV rxn)

Fibrin in basement membrane

Deposits of IgM, C3, C4, C5

78
Q

Pemphigoid

A

Detachment of the epithelium from connective tissue

79
Q

In pemphigoid, autoantibodies attack what two things

A

Hemidesmosomes

Lamina Lucinda components

80
Q

Nicholsky sign indicates whtat

A

Pemphigoid

81
Q

Treatment of pemphigoid

A

Chlorhexidine

Topical corticosteroid

82
Q

Pemphigus

Main sign
In who

A

Intraepithelial bullae (acantholysis)

Mediterranean and Jewish (middle age and up)

83
Q

T/F pemphigus bleeds profusely

A

False

84
Q

Erythema multiforme

What is it?

How often in mouth

Sign

A

Cytotoxic immune rxn against keratinocytes from HSV and drugs

Oral involvement in 25-60% of cases

Swollen lips

85
Q

Lupus erythematosus

Clinically

Histologically

A

White striae
Telangiectasia
Butterfly skin lesion

Wide basement membrane

86
Q

Reactive processes of periodontal soft tissues

What are they

A 
Fibroma/ focal fibrous hyperplasia
 - caused by irritation
Calcified fibroblastic granuloma
 - reddish, ulcerated reactive lesion
Pyogenic Granuloma
 - Ulcerated, bleeding common
Peripheral giant cell granuloma
 - has a stalk, broad base
87
Q

Reactive processes of periodontal hard tissues

A

Periapical cemental dysplasia

  • fibrous/osseus cemental lesions
  • vital tooth, no symptoms
88
Q

Benign neoplasms of perio soft tissue (4)

A

Hemangioma
- soft, blue/red, asymptomatic, may bleed, blanch on pressure

Nevus
- brown/black, melanocytes

Papilloma

  • filiform, white or red, HPV common
    • Verruca vulgaris
      • white, Hyperkeritinization, HPV 2/4

Peripheral odontogenic tumors
- non-ulcerated, similar to intraosseous forms

89
Q

Benign neoplasms of hard perio tissues

A

Ameloblastoma

  • From odontogenic epithelium
  • well circumscribed radiolucency

Squamous odontogenic tumor
- From PDL

Benign cementoblastoma
- around apex

90
Q

Malignant neoplasms of soft perio tissues (4)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

  • mandible, post. To premolars
  • regional lymph node metastasis

Metastasis to the gingiva

  • majority intraosseous
  • soft tiss. Metastasis from lung cancer
  • most carcinoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma

  • skin then oral lesions
  • AIDS

Malignant lymphoma

  • Primary is rare
  • Frequent among HIV
91
Q

Malignant neoplasms of hard tissues (2)

A

Osteosarcoma
-widening of PDL

Langerhans cell disease
- swelling, tender, pain, loose teeth

92
Q

5 cysts of periodontium

A 
Gingival
Lateral perio
Inflammatory paradental
Odontogenic keratocyst
Radical are
93
Q

Primary vs. secondary occlusal trauma

A

Primary = excessive on normal periodontium

Secondary = on weakened perio

94
Q

Codestruction theory

Vs

Advancing plaque front theory

A

Occlusal trauma is co-destructive that alters perio disease

Occlusal trauma has no role

95
Q

T/F occlusal trauma w/o periodontitis may be reversible and result in adaptation

A

TRUE

96
Q

When occlusal trauma and perio is present

A

Do perio treatment first then occlusal therapy

97
Q

Implant healing times

A

Mandible 3 months

Max 6 months

98
Q

Before and after implant threshold and force loading that is perceptible

A

Before: 20 um thickness, 1-2 g load

After: 50-100 um thickness, 50-100 g loading

99
Q

T/F 100% bone-implant surface contact is possible

A

FALSE

100
Q

Occlusal trauma can be _ for peri-implant disease

A

Primary etiological factor

101
Q

In reducing bone stress, _ is more important than _

A

Diameter

Length

102
Q

Clinical features of chronic perio

A 
Change in gingiva (color, texture, volume)
BoP
Inc. probe depth
A loss
Gingival recession
Alveolar bone loss (vert/horiz)
Furcation involvement
Mobility
Drifting of teeth
Tooth loss
103
Q

Chronic perio:

Pain?
Sensation?

A

Localized dull pain

Itching

Root sensitivity

104
Q

Extent vs severity of chronic perio

A

Extent: localized < 30 < generalized

Severity:
Slight (1-2), moderate (3-4), severe (5+)

105
Q

Risk factor

2 ex

A

Increase likelihood an individual will develop disease

Smoking
Diabetes

106
Q

Risk determinant

2 ex

A

Non-modifiable factors

Age
Gender

107
Q

Risk indicators

3 ex

A

Well known risk factors

HIV/AIDS
Osteoporosis
Infrequent dental visits

108
Q 
Risk predictors (markers)
3
A

Characteristic associated with elevated risk for disease, not necessarily part of causal chain

Furcation inv.
Calculus
History of A loss

109
Q

T/F you cannot maintain 6 mm pockets

A

TRUE

110
Q

Aggressive perio

A

Otherwise healthy
Severe and rapid bone and attach loss
Familial aggregation

111
Q

LAP:

Most frequent age
Pattern/Distribution

A

B/t puberty and 20 yrs

At least 1 first molar, no more than 2 teeth other than incisors and first molars

112
Q

T/F CAL is consistent with amount of plaque and calculus

A

FALSE - inconsistent

113
Q

Serum antibody response in LAP vs. GAP

A

LAP - strong

GAP - poor

114
Q

Pathogenesis of LAP

A

Aggressive causative agents

High level of susceptibility

115
Q

_ (organism) is associated with LAP

Why?

A

A.a.

Fac. Anaerobe, non-motile

Virulence factors (kills mphage, degrades collagen, suppresses immune)

Translocate across JE

Invade CT

116
Q

Neutrophils in AP hosts

A

Impaired

117
Q

In AP, crevicular levels of _ are increased

A

PGE2

118
Q

Loe and Silness plaque index

Gingival index

A

Amount of plaque at G margin
Plaque 0 to 3
Probe distinguishes 0 and 1

Gingival:
0 to 3, bleeding is 2+ automatically

119
Q

O’Leary index

A

Plaque
Percentage of tooth surfaces positive for plaque
Disclosing solution, count red

120
Q

PSR

A

Perio screening and recording

0 - colored, no calc, no BOP
1 - BoP
2 - calc, BoP
3 - colored partially visible, calc, BoP
4 - no colored area
121
Q

NIDCR calculus and bleeding

A

0 - no calculus
1 - supragingival calc./ no sub calc
2 - Supra and sub, or sub only

122
Q

Fibroma/fibrous hyperplasia

A

S

123
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

S

124
Q

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis

A

S

Perio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions