Test 2 Flashcards
Baroque Period
17th and first half of 18th century
Baroque aesthetics
complex, detailed, and dramatic
Harpsichord
plucks strings, sometimes plays basso continuo part
baroque orchestra
smaller, 15-20 people often strings
Opera
Begins with overture, interlude, choir, aria/recitative
Overture
starts the opera, no music
Dido and Aenas
Dido’s lament sung by Dido
Aria
times stands still and the character says how they feel, metric and melodic, orchestra accompanies
Recitative
conversational, plot moves forward, talk singing, can’t really tap your foot to it, stops and starts
Libretto/librettist
Text of an opera, librettist is someone who writes the text of an opera
Antonio Stradivari
famous violin maker, tweaked violin and made it what it is today
Basso Continuo
Usually two people, bass driven chordal support, accompanying instrument was often a lute (or harpsichord)
Trio Sonata
ensemble, genre, 3 parts. 2 soloists then basso continuo part which is 2 people. Four people in it
Antonio Vivaldi
composer and violinist, worked at girls orphanage (Ospedalle della Pieta) spring, concerto
Concerto
orchestra vs. soloist. One or more soloists play with or against an orchestra
concerto grosso
orchestra vs. group of soloists
Ritornello
theme that comes back regularly and is played by whole group
Programmatic
story, extra musical associations, means music has unspoken story, spring by vivaldi very programmatic
absolute
no extra musical associations
J.S. Bach
first worked for court of weimar, had main job at city of leipzig
educate young children in music, established collegium musicum which is public concerts that are ticketed
Fugue
genre that has imitative polyphony, chamber, orchestra could be played on anything. Has a subject and an answer that means other voices are repeating melody. The exposition contains subject AND answer. If it has augmentation, retrograde, inversion, diminution it is a fugue
George Handel
Born in Germany, studied in Italy, opera in particular then began to compose other things,stature only grew larger on the international stage. During his lifetime he became the most famous composer in Europe and a treasured national institution in England
Oratorio
No costumes, no sets, no acting. Same form and pieces as an opera but set as a concert and about sacred topics
Da capo aria
ABA
Classical Period
late eighteenth century, 1750-1800, “high art”, philospher thought of it as dionysian and apollonian
patronage system vs. freelance
kings who wanted a “soundtrack” you worked FOR rich people as a job
freelance system= making music for the public serving multiple people rather than just one
Sonata Form
piece with solo and piano accompoenment but can have movements.
Exposition, Development, Recapitulation
Home keys, not home keys, chaotic keys, home keys
4 and 3 movement plan
four- symphony, string quartet
three- sonata, concerto
minuet and trio
contrasting character, dance like triple meter,
medial caesura?
symphony
four movements 1-sonata 2-whatever (theme and variations) 3- minuet and trio 4- sonata
string quartet
attaca quartet. Two violins, viola, cello, “emporer quartet” a melody that Haydn composed in response to the military and political events of his day
sonata
something-sonata form- trio and minuet-sonato
Wolfgang Amaeus Mozart
Trained his family, musical children prodigies, mozart family tour, performed for kings and queens works first or arch bishop
Don Giovanni
called drama giocoso, lements of both categories of opera
Opera buffa/opera seria
buffa- 2 acts, silly funny, contemporary characters
opera seria- serious, deep, 3 acts, tragic greek mythology
dramma giocosso
don giovanni, has elements of both buffa and seria
ludwig van beethoven
lifetime extends, bridging the gap in between styles, unhappy childhood, wrote symphony no.3 orginally supposed to be napolean symphony
Heiligenstadt Testament
Beethoven’s letter to his brother when he was going deaf
Symphony No. 5
fast-slow-fast
tonic-not tonic-tonic-tonic
opus
order of publication
