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Cultural Anthropology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of maya are we talking about and what’s their story

A

He kiche maya and they endured 36 years of civil war and genocide. More than 200000 people disappeared. This is the story of one town in the province of el quiche

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2
Q

What does the term new immigrant refers to

A

A person who moved internationally since 5e 1960s and this includes refugees and people seeking improved economic comditions

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3
Q

What three trends characterize the new international migration and give the definition

A

Globalization - more countries are involved in international migration

Acceleration - growth in the number of migrants has increased worldwide

Feminization - women are a growing percentage in all types of migration

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4
Q

How cultural anthropologists contribute to migration policies and programs

A

By protecting migrants health - a particular concern of anthropologists is 5e welfare of foraging and pastoral groups who depend on migration for their livelihood and are put at risk by a variety of outside forces

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5
Q

Inclusion and exclusion

A
  1. Many states engage in cost benefit analyses when formulating immigration policies
  2. Life boat mentality refers to a perception that an immigrant group is becoming too big and should 6e limited. It may 6e based on a perceived threat to existing entitlements
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6
Q

Why do people eat things that others consider disgusting

A

Culture dictates which foods we eat, when and how we eat them and why we eat them

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7
Q

Why is there no universal human diet

A

The human diet has evolved to 6e extremely fluid and adaptable and our needs are partially defined by the specific environment we live in and what our culture says is acceptable

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8
Q

What is an economic system and what are the three components

A

Livelihood - providing for basic needs and other needs by procuring goods or making money
Consumption- using up goods or money
Exchange - the transfer of goods or money between people or institutions

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9
Q

Anthropologists organize ethnographic research on economic systems into categories called

A

Modes

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10
Q

Mode of production is what

A

The dominant way of making a living in a culture

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11
Q

Four modes of production

A 
Foraging
Horticulture
Pastoralist
Agriculture 
Industrial/ digital
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12
Q

What is foraging

A

Based on using food available in nature and is the MAIN EXONOMIC STRATEGY FOR MOST OF HUMAN HISTORY
Today only 250,000 people support themselves using foraging primarily

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13
Q

Horticulture

A

Growing crops in gardens using hand tools
Grows like yams and bananas and shit
Requirement for fallowing to provide sustainability

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14
Q

Five stages in horticulture

A 
Clearing
Planting
Weeding
Harvesting
Fallowing
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15
Q

Sustainability of horticulture

A

Highly sustainable as long as fallowing system is in place and population overcrowding doesn’t exist

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16
Q

Division of labor in horticulture

A

The family forms the core work group and children work more in horticultural groups than in any other type of economy

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17
Q

What’s pastoralism

A

Reliance on products of domesticated animal herds

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18
Q

Division of labor in pastoralism

A

Families

Men do most of herding, women possess the herds products, children help in heeding

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19
Q

Characteristics of pastoralism

A

Spatial mobility
Group autonomy
Animals as private property

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20
Q

Sustainability of pastoralism

A

A sustainable system if outside forced font encroach on herding lands and water sources

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21
Q

Types of agriculture

A

Family farming - farmers produce mainly for their own needs 6ut also for sale in a market system
Industrial agriculture - financial capital is used to purchase machinery that replaces human and animal labor… and produces goods solely for sale

22
Q

Strategy of production in agriculture

A

It’s very intense .. they use more labor, use of fertilizers, control of water supply, use of animals

23
Q

Why do men dominate productive labor in many agricultural contexts

A

Men are physically stronger
Women are not involved in heavy labor 6ecause it is incompatible with child care
Women often have responsibility for processing products near the home

24
Q

Sustainability of agriculture

A

Not sustainable as typically practiced

25
Q

What’s the prehistoric form of agriculture in Bolivia

A

Waru waru by Quechua

26
Q

How are contemporary food ways changing

A

Industrial agriculture and the decline of 5e family farm
Globalization and markets
Environmental impacts of industrial agriculture
Health consequences of industrial foods

27
Q

Examples of balanced exchange

A

Generalized reciprocity
Expected reciprocity
Redistribution

28
Q

Examples of unbalanced exchange

A

Market exchange
Gambling
Theft
Exploitation

29
Q

What are the three aspects of political leadership

A

Power- the ability to 6ring about results, often through possession or use of forceful means
Authority- the right to take certain forms of action
Influence - ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group

30
Q

Types of political organization

A

Bands
Tribes
Chiefdoms
States

31
Q

Bands

A

Foraging groups
Between 20 and a few hundred people and everyone knows each other and are kin
Membership is flexible
Leader is first among equals
Leader has influence, perhaps authority, 6ut no power

32
Q

Do bands have politics

A

Not in a formal sense 6ut bands can and do make decisions as a group

33
Q

Tribes

A

Associated with horticulture and pastoralism
Comprise several bands wi5 similar lifestyle, language , and territory
Members are related and know each other
The leader resolves conflict
Leader relies on indulgence and authority and sometimes power
Leadership combines both achieved and ascribed status

34
Q

Chiefdoms

A

Permanently allied tribes and villages under one leader
More centralized and socially complex
HERITABLE systems of social rank and economic stratification
CHEIFSHIP is an office that must 6e filled at all times

35
Q

States

A

Centralized political unit encompassing many communities
Bureaucratic structure
Leaders possess coercive power

36
Q

Symbols of state power

A

May connect leaders to deities

They may have special dress, House, food, modes of transportation that distinguish them from the general populace

37
Q

Colonial history of Haiti

A

Slaves in the northern region of the colony staged a revolt that began the Haitian revolution

38
Q

Independence of Haiti

A

Jean Jacques desalinization proclaims the independence of saint dominigue and renaming it Haiti two mon5s after he defeated Napoleon Bonaparte’s

39
Q

Haiti dictators

A

Jean Claude Duvalier rules 5e country for 15 years and he was brutal and blame sent some shit

40
Q

Religions of Haiti

A

Roman Catholicism and voodoo

41
Q

Haitian languages

A

French and Haitian Creole

42
Q

Haitian earthquake and natural environment

A

The earthquake had 300,000 people injured, around 300,000 people died, almost 4000 schools were damaged or destroyed and the country used to 6e beautiful 6ut after the earthquake it isn’t as pretty or beautiful

43
Q

How Haiti and Dominican Republic define race

A

Haiti is looked at as a lesser race and

44
Q

Aztecs substinence

A

Maize

45
Q

Aztec trading

A

They traded everything and it was an important part of their life and their economy relied heavily on agriculture and farming

46
Q

Class structure Aztecs

A

Nobles
Commoners
Serfs
Slaves

47
Q

Aztec human sacrifice

A

They used it to feed the gods so they would have continues balance in their society

48
Q

The trobriand islanders exchange system

A

They used shells called kula and was called like a passion in their hearts

49
Q

Define reciprocity

A

The practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another

50
Q

Types of reciprocity

A

Generalized - gift giving without expecting anything in return
Balanced- expectation of immediate return
Negative- occurs when there is an attempt to get someone to exchange something they don’t wanna give up

51
Q

Capitalism definition

A

Country’s trade is controlled by private owners for profit, rather then by the state

52
Q

Is violence inevitable

A

No 6ecause no animal or human carries genes for dominance, aggression or passivity

Cultural Anthropology (3 decks)

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