Test 2

Question 1

Hematologic syndrome stages

Answer 1

Dose of 200-1000 rads
Prodromal stage
Latent period
Manifest stage

Question 2

Prodromal stage

Answer 2

Dose of 100 rads or more to whole body, symptoms within mins nausea , vomiting, diarrhea, reduction of WBC

Question 3

Latent period

Answer 3

No visible signs of radiation illness.. Length depends on dose (hr to weeks) smaller the dose the longer the latent period

Question 4

Manifest illness stage

Answer 4

Symptoms vomiting, mild diarrhea.malaise, lethargy, and fever …depending on dose depends on recovery or death.

Question 5

Gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 5

Dose of 1000-5000 rads 
Prodromal- vomiting diarrhea hrs 
Latent 3-5 days 
Manifest nausea vomiting diarrhea 
Death 4-10 days

Question 6

Cns syndrome

Answer 6

5000 rads
Death within hours to days 
Nausea and diarrhea within mins 
Confusing burning of skin loss of vision 6-12 latent period 
Death always outcome

Question 7

Ld50/30

Answer 7

Whole body exposure will result in 50% of death within 30 days of exposure

Question 8

Ld#

Answer 8

Lethal dose of the % of pop.

Question 9

Mean survival time

Answer 9

Average time between exposure and death

Question 10

Limited body exposure compared to local tissue exposure

Answer 10

This means 10rads is worst to whole body compared to just to the stomach

Question 11

% of skin replaced everyday

Answer 11

2%

Question 12

What % of intentional lining is replaced everyday

Answer 12

50%

Question 13

Erythema

Answer 13

Skin redding

Question 14

Desquamation

Answer 14

Removal of protective layer of skin

Question 15

Moist desquamation

Answer 15

With higher doses and is known the clinical tolerance for protective layer

Question 16

SED50

Answer 16

(Skin erythema dose) is the dose required to affect 50% of persons so irradiated SED50 is = to 600 rads or 6 Gy

Question 17

Temporary sterility

Answer 17

200rads

Question 18

Permanent sterility

Answer 18

500rads

Question 19

Damage from radiation on the 3 levels

Answer 19

Molecular cellular and organic

Question 20

Where indirect hits And what is causes

Answer 20

Free radicals and water molecule are damaged

Question 21

3 main damages from irradiation of DNA

Answer 21

Main chain scission- the break in long chains
Cross linking- spurlike extensions off main
Point lesions- areas on molecules are damaged bc radiation

Question 22

Usually the result of point lesion

Answer 22

Cell damages from low does of radiation

Question 23

Photons striking a cells master molecule DNA

Answer 23

Results in death

Question 24

Somatic effect of radiation called erythema from large dose of radiation

Answer 24

Like a sunburn

Question 25

Ld50/60

Answer 25

Whole body 350 rads 50% of ppl will die in 60days

Question 26

Most radiation resistant

Answer 26

S phase

Question 27

Most radiation sensitive

Answer 27

Mitosis

Question 28

Direct hits of body tissues and cell from _____ particles

Answer 28

Alpha

Question 29

Best example of organic damage from radiation

Answer 29

Leukemia

Question 30

Diagnostic to pt getting a gi with 4 mins of fluoro

Answer 30

Time should show no early or late effects

Question 31

Cell cycle time

Answer 31

The average time from one mitosis to another mitosis

Question 32

DNA synthesis occurs in what cycle

Answer 32

S phase

Question 33

Free radicals are bad bc

Answer 33

They disrupt bonds change molecules and are toxic highly volatile

Question 34

Target theory and one example

Answer 34

A sensitive key molecule of a cell is inactivated due to radiation exposure, the survival of that cell may die and an example is particle

Question 35

Free radicals come from

Answer 35

Water pollution smoking herbicides and muscles infection

Question 36

Permanent changes in the DNA structures

Answer 36

Are passed on to the mitosis

Question 37

Cytogenetic

Answer 37

It is the study of the genetic aspects of the cell, especially the chromosomes

Question 38

Radiation exposure dose is measured in

Answer 38

Rad or Gy

Question 39

Intensity and distances formula

Answer 39

I1/ I2 = (d2)2/(d1)2