test 2

Question 1

Glut 4, a glucose transporter protein, does what?

Answer 1

Allows glucose to enter cells by facilitated diffusion

Question 2

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 2

systematic metabolic disorder in which there is chronic hyperglycemia

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus is due to two things:

Answer 3

1. decrease in production and secretion of Insulin(type 1)

2. decrease in the cells ability to utilize the insulin(type 2)

Question 4

type 1 diabetes is due to:

Answer 4

decreased production and secretion of insulin

Question 5

type 2 diabetesis due to:

Answer 5

decrease in cells ability to utilize the insulin

Question 6

Insulin deficiency results in impaired use of:

Answer 6

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 7

chronic hyperglycemia causes

Answer 7

the structural abnormalities in the vasculature of many organs

Question 8

Lock and Key

Answer 8

pancreas beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

Question 9

insulin normally:

Answer 9

binds with tigrosine kinase receptors in the body cells and makes Glut 4 to move to cell membrane and allows glucose to enter.

Question 10

type one is caused by

Answer 10

autoimmune response, heredity, trigger? or viral (usually before 30) *little or no production of insulin

Question 11

type two is caused by

Answer 11

age, obesity, heredity (usually after 30) * Insulin is present but not being utilized by the cells

Question 12

clinical manifestations of of type 1 DM

Answer 12

polyuria (decreased urinary output, high blood sugar pulls fluid into the vasculature)
polydipsia-high osmolarity stimulates thirst in the hypothalamus
polyphagia-increased hunger Even though blood sugar is high, it cannot get into the cells without adequate insulin
weight loss-fats and proteins broken down and used for energy, weakness, fatigue(poor use of food products

Question 13

Management of Type 1 insulin is

Answer 13

Erogenous insulin, diet , exercise. * Acute complications are more common, chronic complications usually occur at an earlier age, *more difficult, wider fluctuations in BS

Question 14

clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis(diabetic coma) include

Answer 14

hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, abdominal pain(upsetting nerve endings in GI tract.
Kussmals respirations(fast, hard, deep)
breath smells sweet like juicy fruit gum
can lead to hypotension, tachycardia, shock, and cardia arrhythmia due to K alterations

Question 15

pathophys of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 15

decrease in insulin( decreased glucose transmission into the cells ) (starvation in the midst of plenty

Question 16

High Blood Sugar leads to

Answer 16

osmotic diurisis, volume increases in blood stream, more volume is going into the kidneys and increases fluid loss, dehydration can be extreme, and also remember osmotic action leads to polyuria, polydipsia