Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
The Netherlands
A
- emerged as a new state in 17th century
- one of the wealthiest states in Europe
- 18th century - golden age for Dutch
2
Q
The Netherlands Dutch
A
- Dominant force in Europe’s Asian trade-this made Netherlands wealthy and center of culture
- shipbuilding was a major industry
- Amsterdam stock exchange became prominent
3
Q
Hanover England
A
*house of hanover- George 1(1714-27)
4
Q
Sir Robert Walpole (1721-42) Hanover England
A
- served as first prime minister
- George 1 gave Walpole full confidence
- architect of cabinet system
- time of much political corruption
- origin of political parties (Whigs & Tories)
- royalist / loyalist are for the throne
5
Q
Louis XV
A
- great grandson of Louis XIV
- king at 5
- Cardinal fleury ruled for him
- ineffective ruler
- contributed to decline of royal authority and to the onset of the French Revolution
- influenced by mistresses
- Madame pompadour fought expensive and disastrous wars/ in more pictures than his wife
6
Q
Fredrick the great of Prussia (1740-86)
A
- enlightened reforms
- granted religious freedoms
- reduced censorship
- improved education
- reformed the justice system
- abolished the use of torture
7
Q
Fredrick the great
A
- Called himself “the first servant of the state”
- his goal was to strengthen his country and transform Prussia into a modern state
- most important contribution was his attitude towards being king
8
Q
Joseph II Austria (1765-90)
A
- most radical royal reformer
- REFORMS
- legal reforms
- freedom of the press
- freedom of worship
9
Q
Joseph II
A
- ordered all peasants to be paid for the labor in cash
- nobles firmly resisted; after his death, many of his reforms were undone
10
Q
Peter the Great
A
- rude behavior
- priority was the reorganization of the army and creation of a navy
- given credit for forming the first Russian navy
11
Q
Catherine the great
A
- emerged as autocrat of all Russia
- wanted to pursue reform
- called an election to debate the details of a new law code
12
Q
Agricultural revolution
A
- ultimate concern: FOOD SUPPLY-worse in east
- old farmers scared to try new methods
- Low Countries- first to begin looking for new methods of farming
- England witness the most improvements
13
Q
Tull
A
-Introduced using iron plow (rejected manure as fertilizer)
14
Q
Townsend
A
- “turnip Townsend”
- encouraged crop rotation and increased fodder for animals with turnips
15
Q
Enclosure movement
A
- old system discouraged improvements -favored for peasants
- provided great source of farmland
- pushed farmers off the land
- led to commercialization of agriculture
- peasants left to mercy of marketplace
- some areas led to improvement /limited in east
