Test 2

Question 1

The Netherlands

Answer 1

• emerged as a new state in 17th century
• one of the wealthiest states in Europe
• 18th century - golden age for Dutch

Question 2

The Netherlands Dutch

Answer 2

• Dominant force in Europe’s Asian trade-this made Netherlands wealthy and center of culture
• shipbuilding was a major industry
• Amsterdam stock exchange became prominent

Question 3

Hanover England

Answer 3

*house of hanover- George 1(1714-27)

Question 4

Sir Robert Walpole (1721-42) Hanover England

Answer 4

• served as first prime minister
• George 1 gave Walpole full confidence
• architect of cabinet system
• time of much political corruption
• origin of political parties (Whigs & Tories)
• royalist / loyalist are for the throne

Question 5

Louis XV

Answer 5

• great grandson of Louis XIV
• king at 5
• Cardinal fleury ruled for him
• ineffective ruler
• contributed to decline of royal authority and to the onset of the French Revolution
• influenced by mistresses
• Madame pompadour fought expensive and disastrous wars/ in more pictures than his wife

Question 6

Fredrick the great of Prussia (1740-86)

Answer 6

• enlightened reforms
• granted religious freedoms
• reduced censorship
• improved education
• reformed the justice system
• abolished the use of torture

Question 7

Fredrick the great

Answer 7

• Called himself “the first servant of the state”
• his goal was to strengthen his country and transform Prussia into a modern state
• most important contribution was his attitude towards being king

Question 8

Joseph II Austria (1765-90)

Answer 8

• most radical royal reformer
• REFORMS
• legal reforms
• freedom of the press
• freedom of worship

Question 9

Joseph II

Answer 9

• ordered all peasants to be paid for the labor in cash

- nobles firmly resisted; after his death, many of his reforms were undone

Question 10

Peter the Great

Answer 10

• rude behavior
• priority was the reorganization of the army and creation of a navy
• given credit for forming the first Russian navy

Question 11

Catherine the great

Answer 11

• emerged as autocrat of all Russia
• wanted to pursue reform
• called an election to debate the details of a new law code

Question 12

Agricultural revolution

Answer 12

• ultimate concern: FOOD SUPPLY-worse in east
• old farmers scared to try new methods
• Low Countries- first to begin looking for new methods of farming
• England witness the most improvements

Question 13

Tull

Answer 13

-Introduced using iron plow (rejected manure as fertilizer)

Question 14

Townsend

Answer 14

• “turnip Townsend”

- encouraged crop rotation and increased fodder for animals with turnips

Question 15

Enclosure movement

Answer 15

• old system discouraged improvements -favored for peasants
• provided great source of farmland
• pushed farmers off the land
• led to commercialization of agriculture
• peasants left to mercy of marketplace
• some areas led to improvement /limited in east

Question 16

Vital revolution

Answer 16

• affected quality of life
• improved diet= decrease in disease, death rate
• hygiene and sanitation improved
• transportation improved
• agricultural improvement (fertilizer, methods)
• cultivation of potato from new world

Question 17

Britain in pre-industrial revolution

Answer 17

• cottage industry employee many families
• Britain led in revolution
• London largest city in Europe
• newspaper thrived-available consumer goods
• stable political and financial structure
• easier to attain social standing than an continent
• abundance of iron ore and coal
• good transportation
• progressive agricultural ideas

Question 18

Conflicts of the 18th century

Answer 18

• war of the Spanish succession(queen Anne’s war in colonies) (1701-13)
• war of the Austrian succession(Jenkins ear)(1740-48)
• Oglethorpe attacked st.augustine in 1740
• seven years war (1756-63)
• French and Indiana war

Question 19

French and British rivalries

Answer 19

• Indians on both sides
• Britain won-gained territory east of MS and Canadian lands and Florida (Spain)
• George Washington gained fame for bravery

Question 20

French and Indian war

Answer 20

• last and most VIP conflict in NA before American revolution
• fought in Europe as seven years war

Question 21

American revolution (1775-83)

Answer 21

causes:

• sugar act
• stamp act and quartering act
• Boston massacre
• Boston tea party
• continental congress adopted Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
• colonists had unorganized militia fighting against the English army (experienced and well funded)