Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Los Angeles in 1960s
A
Home to Hollywood, television industry
Center of record productions by end of decade
2
Q
What is the geographic trend in the 1960s?
A
Gradual shift in music business from East Coast to Los Angeles
3
Q
Phil Spector
A
Most influential producer of his era
Eccentric genius, loner
Created girl group genre
4
Q
Songs Produced by Spector
A
"To Know Him Is to Love Him" - Self "He's a Rebel" - The Crystals "Da Doo Ron Ron" - The Crystals "Be My Baby" - Ronettes "Leader of the Pack" Shangri-Las
5
Q
Wall of Sound
A
Phil Spector large instrumental groups Multi-track overdubbing, reverb Monophonic (not stereo) Gold Star Studios
6
Q
“You Lost That Lovin’ Feeling”
A
The Righteous Brothers
Produced by Phil Spector
7
Q
The Wrecking Crew
A
LA session musicians used on hundreds of recordings by Spector, the Beach Boys.. Carol Kaye (bass) Hal Blaine (drums) Glen Campbell (guitar) Leon Russell (piano)
8
Q
Hal Blaine
A
Played on the most hit records ever
9
Q
LA Record Companies
A
Capitol, Liberty, Dot, A&M
10
Q
A&M
A
Formed in 1962 by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss, became world’s largest independent label
11
Q
The Monkees
A
Group formed for TV show (1966-1968)
11 Top 40 hits
Songs written and produced by top LA pros
12
Q
Bubblegum Pop
A
Marketed towards tweens and teens
Vapid, no depth
13
Q
Surf Culture
A
Imported to West Coast from Hawaii
Surf subculture, lifestyle, hot rods, vernacular, music, etc.
1959-1963: Hollywood waters down surf in bikini movies
14
Q
Surf Music
A
Instrumental, high energy, garage band edgy
15
Q
Dick Dale and the Del-Tones
A
King of Surf Guitar
Incorporated effects that emulated his Lebanese culture and sound of the waves
Developed Dual Showman amplifier with Leo Fender
16
Q
“Miserlou”
A
Dick Dale, 1962
17
Q
The Beach Boys
A
Brian Wilson, Dennis and Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardin
Father abusive, encouraged music
Started as Pendletones
“Surfin’” leads to contract with Capitol (Labor Day 1961)
18
Q
“Sweet Little Sixteen”
A
Chuck Berry
19
Q
“Surfin’ USA”
A
Beach Boys
20
Q
“Fun, Fun, Fun”
A
5, 1964
21
Q
Early 1960’s Beach Boys
A
Brian is increasingly influenced by Phil Spector, emerges as creative genius; composer, arranger, producer, singer
22
Q
“California Girls”
A
3, 1965
23
Q
Late 1964 Beach Boys
A
Brian begins to exhibit emotional problems, stops touring with band, begins abusing drugs
24
Q
Smile
A
Unfinished Beach Boys album, released 1997
25
Late 1960s: Beach Boys
Decline, Dennis Wilson, Charles Manson frienship
Brian reclusive
Carl and Dennis die
26
"I Got A Woman"
blueprint for soul
| Transforms "I got a Savior, Way Over Jordan"
27
Soul Music
Merges R&B, gospel, secular with the sacred, considered taboo
28
1954
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas kick starts the civil rights movement
29
1964-68
Zenith of Civil Rights Movement, goes into decline after assassination of Dr Martin Luther King Jr
30
What does the rise and fall of soul parallel?
The civil rights movement
31
Ray Charles
1954: signed by Jerry Wexler to Atlantic
"This Little Girl of Mine" Hymns in secular fashion
1959: "What'd I say"
1960: Signs with ABC, #1 hits follow
32
James Brown
Soul innovator, influential to funk, hip hop
"The Godfather of Soul", "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business"
Impoverished youth, prison at 16, focuses on music
1956: JB and the Flames sign with King, first hit:
"Please, Please, Please" 1956
late 1950s: develops dynamic stage show with tight band and exciting hits to follow
33
Live at the Apollo
Establishes James Brown as a soul innovator
34
"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag Part 1"
James Brown video
Top 10
1965
35
"I Got You (I Feel Good)"
Top 10 James Brown
| 1965
36
Minimalism
Late 1960s/1970s: becomes a spokesman for the black community
45/68: diffuses tense situation at Boston Garden after assassination of Dr Martin Luther King Jr
1968: "Say It Out Loud, I'm Black and Proud"
37
"Cold Sweat"
James Brown
38
Sam Cooke
Born in Mississippi Delta, son of a preacher
1950: joins popular gospel group Soul Stirrers, develops fan base, easy going charm, crooning style
1956: "crosses over" as Dale Cook
Early 1960s: begins building business empire
12/11/64: Tragic murder in LA
39
"You Send Me"
1957
Sam Cooke
#1
40
"Twistin' the Night Away"
Sam Cooke
41
"A Change is Gonna Come"
Released posthumously in 1964
| Inspired by Bob Dylan
42
Motown
Formed in 1959 by Berry Gordy
Offices in house on West Grand Blvd, Detroit
Gordy sets up production teams, publishing company, record label
Tightly controlled family business
Weekly production meetings, competitive environment
Nurturing of artists
43
"Hitsville USA"
Detroit
44
Assembly Line Production
1. Finishing School
2. Choreography
3. Stage presence
4. In House production
5. Record distribution
6. in-house talent agencies
45
1964-1967 Motown
14 #1 hit records
46
Motown Sound
Pop-oriented, smoothing over the rough edges of other soul music
Rock-solid groove, anchored by Benny Benjamin's drums and James Jamersons' innovative syncopated electric bass
47
Motown Producers
Smokey Robinson
Barrett Strong
Norman Whitfield
Ashford and Simpson
48
Holland/Dozier/Hollan
Most successful songwriting/production team
| produce 46 top 40 and 12 #1 hits
49
"Stop! In the Name of Love"
The Supremes
50
Memphis
Late 1950s, although a racially segregated city, an open, "transracial" attitude existed
51
1957
Jim Stewart starts Satellite Records in garage
52
1958
Jim Stewart's sister Estelle Axton becomes Jim's partner
53
1960
Stax Records is born
| move into Capitol Theatre on East McLemore Ave
54
"Cause I Love You"
1960
| Rudus and Carla Thomas cataches attention of Atlantic's Jerry Wexler
55
"Last Night"
1961
| Royal Spades
56
"Green Onions"
Booker T. and the MGS
| 1962
57
Stax in-house rhythm section
Booker T. and the MGS
| Establish Stax sound
58
Characteristics of the Stax Sound
Raw, gritty, powerful and emotional
Bare bones instrumentation of bass, drums, guitar, piano or organ, horn section
Very tight yet uncluttered groove
Horns play punchy unison lines and chords
Generally, no vocal harmonies or BGVs
59
Motown
```
Detroit based, Black Owned
All Black performers
Records aimed at White audience
Rigid, hierarchical organization
Assembly line process
Producer/Composer most important
Smooth, refined, controlled pop sound
Wall of Sound background
Hitsville, USA
```
60
Stax
```
Memphis, white-owned
Integrated performers
Records aimed at Black R&B audience
Loose, accessible to outside input
Spontaneous, loosely organized process
Performers most important
Unencumbered, raw, closer to R&B
Simple rhythm section with clean horns
Soulsville, USA
```
61
Important Stax Songs
"Green Onions"
"(Sittin' On) the Dock of the Bay"
"In the Midnight Hour"
62
"Soul Man"
```
Sam and Dave
#2 1967
```
63
Fame Studios
1959: Rick Hall opens Fame Music in Muscle Shoals, IL
1966: "When A Man Loves A Woman" catches attention of Jerry Wexler, who then begin bringing Atlantic artists to Fame
64
Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section
Fame Studios
65
Aretha Franklin
Born in Memphis, raised in Detroit, father is a preacher
1960: signs with Colombia, 10 unsuccessful pop/jazz albums
1967: Jerry Wexler signs her to Atlanic, records "I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You)" at Muscle Shoals in her natural style
"Dr Feelgood"
66
"Respect"
1967 #1
| Aretha Franklin
67
Early 20th Century
Renewed interest in folk music by:
preservationists such as John and Alan Lomax, who recorded many folksingers such as Leadbelly
political organizations, socialist groups, Communists
labor unions: Wobblies: Little Red Songbook
68
"Goodnight Irene"
Leadbelly
69
Woody Guthrie
Wrote songs about the plight of the common man, including "This Land is Your Land"
talking blues vocal style
70
"Pretty Boy Floyd"
Woody Guthrie
71
Pete Seeger
Becomes famous as member of the Weavers
| songs include "If I Had a Hammer"
72
"We Shall Overcome"
Pete Seeger
73
Hootenannies
Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger
74
1950s folk music
Cold war climate not favorable to folksingers
Guthrie, Seeger fortunes change
Guthrie becomes terminally ill with Huntington's chorea
Seeger blacklisted; refuses to cooperate w/ HUAAC; cited for contempt of Congress
Senator Joseph McCarthy helps create witch hunt mentality
75
Late 1950s
Folk becomes popular alternative
Calypso
Kingston Trio
76
Joan Baez
1959: Performs at first Newport Folk Festival, becomes darling of folk community
1963: tours with and introduces Bob Dylan
"House of the Rising Sun"
77
Peter, Paul and Mary
1963: record 2 Dylan songs that hit Top 10
| "Lemon Tree"
78
Greenwich Village
Commercial folk
| 1960s
79
Bob Dylan
Robert Zimmerman
1959: attends university of Minnesota, becomes Dinkytown fixture
Inspired by beat writers, W Guthrie, changes name
1961: Moves to Greenwich Village, meets Guthrie
NY Times review leads to contract w/ Columbia, John Hammond producing
80
Bob Dylan
Robert Zimmerman
1959: attends university of Minnesota, becomes Dinkytown fixture
Inspired by beat writers, W Guthrie, changes name
1961: Moves to Greenwich Village, meets Guthrie
NY Times review leads to contract w/ Columbia, John Hammond producing
81
Bob Dylan (album)
Contains mostly traditional folk songs, sells poorly, becomes known as Hammond's Folly
"Song to Woody"
82
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
Mostly original songs, 1963
83
Bob Dylan 1963
performs with Joan Baez
Newport Folk Festival
March on Washington in August
84
The Times They Are A Changin'
Bob Dylan
Establishes him as leader of folk community
Contains title cut, songs of protest and social relevance
85
Another Side of Bob Dylan
1964
| Introspective songs, receives lukewarm reviews
86
1964 Bob Dylan
Famous meeting w/ Beatles at Hotel Delmonico in NYC
87
Bringing it All Back Home
Side A: rock
| Side B: Acoustic
88
1965
July: Dylan appears at Newport Folk Festival with electric Paul Butterfield Blues band, crowd boos
89
"Like a Rolling Stone"
Bob Dylan
| Criticism of government
90
"Blonde on Blonde"
1966
Recorded in Nashville
Double album
"Rainy Day Woman"
91
Don't Look Back
1967
| Documentary film of 1965 Bob Dylan tour of England
92
1965 Bob Dylan
Family moves to Woodstock, NY
93
Bob Dylan 7/29/1966
Motorcycle accident, recuperation period follows
94
1966-67
records new songs with the Band; heavily bootlegged, became known as the Basement Tapes
95
John Wesley Harding
1968 album
| Bob Dylan
96
Nashville Skyline
Influential to country rock
| Bob Dylan album
97
Bob Dylan Summary
```
Rock lyrics can be poetic
Influence on Beatles
Warts and all performer
Important influence on folk rock, country music
Released more than 60 albums
```
