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American Democracy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tactic of using unlimited debate in the Senate, often used to prevent a floor vote

A

Filibuster

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2
Q

Ending debate in the Senate

A

Cloture

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3
Q

Type of authority committees’ exercise when allowing or preventing bills from reaching the floor for a vote

A

Gatekeeping

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4
Q

Where the differences between House and Senate bills are addressed

A

Conference Committee

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5
Q

The Apportionment Act of 1911 set the number of House Representatives at this number, that was then fixed in the Reapportionment Act of 1929 and institutionalize for by the Apportionment Act of 1941

A

435

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6
Q

Most important figure in the House of Representatives

A

Speaker of the House

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7
Q

The drawing of House district boundaries that creates a massive benefit for the political party in power

A

Gerrymandering

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8
Q

Legislation intended to bring benefits to a representative’s own district

A

Pork-Barrel Legislation

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9
Q

Legislative provision detailing spending for a specific project

A

Earmark

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10
Q

Powers of the President outlined in the Constitution

A

Expressed Powers

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11
Q

President’s interpretation of a bill that’s then attached to legislation sent from Congress

A

Signing Statement

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12
Q

Pardoning a group of people for their trespasses

A

Amnesty

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13
Q

Recognizing foreign governments

A

Power to receive foreign ambassadors and ministers

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14
Q

Reasons for picking a vice presidential running mate

A

Carrying a (large) state and provide ideological balance to the ticket

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15
Q

A method used by presidents to identify work-goals for bureaucrats

A

Executive Order

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16
Q

A collection of all major department secretaries

A

The Cabinet

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17
Q

“Inner cabinet” composed of the president; Vice President; Secretaries of State, defense, treasury; and the attorney general

A

National Security Council

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18
Q

Vice President’s purpose

A

1st in succession-line, preside over Senate, cast tie-breaking vote

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19
Q

Specialized offers, such as the Council of Economic Advisers, providing narrow advice to the president

A

Executive Offices of the President

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20
Q

The process of removing officials from public office

A

Impeachment

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21
Q

Authority given from Congress to the President

A

Delegates powers

22
Q

Presidential rejection of Congressional legislation

A

Veto

23
Q

Number 1 power of the judicial branch

A

Judicial Review

24
Q

Important factor of a Supreme Court nominee

A

Important factor of a Supreme Court nominee

25
Q

According to spatial modeling, who casts the winning vote on the Supreme Court?

A

The Median Voter

26
Q

The main purpose of the bureaucracy

A

Implementation of Congressional Legislation

27
Q

Term describing how Congress monitors the bureaucracy

A

Oversight

28
Q

Whistle-blowers notify Congress about agency wrongdoing under this type of oversight

A

Fire-alarm oversight

29
Q

Main reason why bureaucrats do not always follow the Congressional lead

A

Agent motivations

30
Q

Means of ensuring that the bureaucracy maintains the status quo

A

Long terms, long agency life, secured funding

31
Q

A government agency that charges for services

A

Government Corporation

32
Q

Agencies that are outside the control or the executive branch (and legislative branch too)

A

Independent Agencies

33
Q

Two terms that describe shrinking of the number of active duty service members with increased reliance on National Guard units, and increase in number of mercenaries fighting our wars

A

Devolution and privatization

34
Q

Processor turning broad legislation into industry standards

A

Rule making

35
Q

The “court function” of the bureaucracy when settling disputes by applying standards

A

Administrative adjudication

36
Q

Case where the state is the plaintiff and the defendant may face time in jail

A

Criminal Law

37
Q

Cases where individuals are plaintiffs and defendants

A

Civil Law

38
Q

Cases involving civil rights and liberties or administrative laws

A

Public Law

39
Q

Doctrine of adhering to past court rulings

A

Stare Decisis

40
Q

Collection of past rulings that have been public ally accepted

A

Common Law

41
Q

Solving problems between two parties

A

Dispute resolution

42
Q

Significant stake in the outcome of a case

A

Standing

43
Q

Term describing non-hypothetical cases

A

Cases and controversies

44
Q

Philosophy of looking beyond the strict interpretation of Constitutional wording

A

Judicial Activism

45
Q

Supreme Court ordering lower courts to send a case to them for review

A

Writ of Certiorari

46
Q

The institution that may change the make-up of the Supreme Court

A

Congress

47
Q

Most cases in the US are heard at this level of the court system

A

State and Local Courts

48
Q

Clause used by Courts when giving ‘preference’ to federal laws over state laws

A

Supremacy Clause

49
Q

Most appeals for review by the Supreme Court

A

99% of appealed cases are simply dismissed

50
Q

Explanation for the growth of judicial review over the course of history

A

Little early use established acceptance of this power

51
Q

What is the purpose and size of each level of the federal court hierarchy?

A

Dealing with original jurisdiction cases, appellate functions, 94 district courts and 12 circuit courts

52
Q

Division of Labor in Congress

A

Committee System

American Democracy (2 decks)

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