Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oceanography > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Thermocline

A

Where Temperature decreases rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Halocline

A

Where salinity increases rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pycnocline

A

Density Increases rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Surface Zone (or mixed layer)

A

Depth varies from 0 to 3300 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deep Zone

A

little change in density (80% of ocean)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Photic Zone

A

light can penetrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

Light cannot Penetrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SOFAR Layer

A

minimum velocity layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SOFAR

A

Sound fixing and ranging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Active Sonar

A

sending sound pulses, recording reflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive Sonar

A

listening to sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of bond holds the 2 hydrogen and oxygen atoms together?

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of bond holds the 2 hydrogen and oxygen atoms together?

A

Hydrogen Bond- negative end of oxygen attracted to positive end of hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does salt do to the freezing point of water?

A

Adding salt to water lowers its freezing point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When salt water freezes, what is the ice made of?

A

When salt water freezes, ice is pure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is faster, the speed of sound in air or in water?

A

speed of sound is 5 times higher in water than in air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is ocean water blue?

A

Hydrogen bonds selectively remove red light (changing its energy into heat). The remaining blue light travels farther through the water, and may strike objects to reflect back through the surface to your eyes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between latent and sensible heat?

A

sensible heat causes temperature change and latent heat causes phase change from a liquid to a vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to the environment during various phase changes?

A

Increased heat capacity. Harder to change temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is meant by an object having high heat capacity?

A

hydrogen bonds make it harder to change phase/temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is meant by latent heat of fusion and vaporization?

A

Latent heat of fusion - heat needed to change from solid to liquid.
Latent heat of vaporization - heat needed to change from liquid to vapor.

22
Q

What if our planet had no ocean? what would that do to the seasonal temperatures?

A

The hottest day of the year would be in June, not August.

23
Q

What has more of an effect on transferring heat to the poles, atmosphere or ocean currents? Why?

A

The latent heat of vaporization is much more than the latent heat of fusion.

24
Q

What information does the T-S diagram give you?

A

to figure out Density. (Salinity units (o/oo) parts per thousand salts.)

25
Q

What happens to the density of water when it freezes?

A

The density of water always decreases as temperature increases.

26
Q

What are the common units for measuring salinity?

A

(o/oo) parts per thousand salts

27
Q

What does the profile of density look like as you go deeper in the ocean?

A

The rapid density increase in the pycnocline is mainly due to a decrease in temperature with depth in this area. Temperature, salinity, and pressure.

28
Q

What controls salinity in the ocean?

A

Affected by evaporation and precipitation.

29
Q

what is refraction?

A

bending of waves

30
Q

know which wavelengths of light are absorbed first and last in the ocean

A

Reds absorbed first. Blues absorbed last.

31
Q

What penetrates the depth to which light can penetrate into the ocean?

A

The color of the ocean.

32
Q

Where do the salts from the ocean come from and where do they go?

A

Runoff from continents and Mid-Ocean ridges & seamounts (excess volatiles).

33
Q

What are excess volatiles?

A

Non-weathered.

34
Q

What is meant by our oceans being in chemical equilibrium?

A

Supply rate equals removal rate.

35
Q

What do salts do to the heat capacity, freezing point and evaporation rates of water?

A

Salts influence pure water.

36
Q

What are the two most abundant salts in the ocean?

A

Chloride and Sodium

37
Q

What is meant by residence and mixing time?

A

Mixing time - amount of time to completely mix components in ocean (~1600 years)
Residence time - approx. time salts spend in ocean.

38
Q

Why does water dissolve salts and not oil?

A

Not bound by weak ionic bonds, no polarity.

39
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atoms with a charge.

40
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

41
Q

What kind of bond holds salts together?

A

Ionic bond

42
Q

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide change as you go deeper? Describe why this happens.

A

The oxygen concentration decreases below the sunlit layer because of the respiration of marine animals and bacteria and because of the oxygen consumed by the decay of tiny dead organisms slowly sinking through the area.

43
Q

What are the sources and sinks for oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in our ocean?

A

Nitrogen comes from atmosphere. Oxygen comes from atmosphere and photosynthesis. CO2 comes from atmosphere and respiration.

44
Q

What is meant by solubility?

A

Ability to contain gas in solution.

45
Q

How does temperature and pressure affect the solubility of gas?

A

Lowering temperature & increasing pressure increases solubility

46
Q

e) What happens to pH (see below) when excess CO2 enters the ocean?

A

Greater depth, higher CO2 concentrations lower pH.

47
Q

What does the pH scale tell you about the acidity or alkalinity of water?

A 
pH7 basic (or alkaline)
Every number represents a 10-fold change in acidity.
48
Q

What is the pH of pure water?

A

7.0

49
Q

What is the pH of our ocean and why?

A

8.0 (alkaline)

50
Q

How does the acidity or alkalinity change as you go from one number to the next?

A

Higher numbers represent bases, and lower numbers represent acids.

51
Q

What does a buffer do?

A

Carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbonate ion act as a buffer preventing large pH swings.

Oceanography (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions