Test 2

Question 1

Elijah Cadman

Answer 1

He was small of stature and feisty. Among his occupations were chimney sweep and boxer. He announced himself as “Captain” Cadman of the Lord’s Army. And he called Booth, then general superintendent of the Christian Mission “General” Booth. Cadman was one of the group of Missioners who urged Both to take full control of the Mission, which led to the deed Poll of 1878. He was enthusiastic about the name change. Faithful as an officer he became a Commissioner

Question 2

Happy Eliza

Answer 2

Eliza Haynes. She was sent to assist another officer in opening the work in Booth’s hometown of Nottingham. When there was difficulty in getting people to their meetings in Nottingham, she rode through town on a cart with a sign “Happy Eliza” pinned to her dress playing a tambourine. The method was a bit bizarre but it worked.

Question 3

Pamela “Ma” Shepherd

Answer 3

started the Army work in Wales in 1878 with her 4 daughters

Question 4

Kate Shepherd

Answer 4

start the Army work in Wales in 1878 with her mom, Pamela ‘Ma’ Shepherd, and 3 sisters. At 17 Kate was sent with a helper to the coal mining Rhondda Valley and within months a great revival broke out. The Founder came to visit in 1879 and spoke to a congregation of over 3,000. Kate Shepherd’s achievement convinced Booth that women, even young women, with like ability and zeal could be sent out as leaders.

Question 5

Founder’s aide-de-camp

Answer 5

John Lawley. He became the Founder’s aide-de-camp. Lawley also led the prayer meetings after the Founder’s messages. Lawley was a singer and song leader. Towards the end of the Founder’s life, when he was nearly blind, he would say to Lawley, during the appeal, “Are the seekers coming?” and Lawley would describe the people as they came to the Penitent Form. Commissioner Lawley died in 1922.

Question 6

Ash Barrel Jimmy

Answer 6

James Kemp. He was given the nickname “Ash barrel Jimmy.” First US convert. A frustrated Judge sent him to the Salvation Army to see if that would do him any good. Bolstered by some brandy, he went along to the hall and was promptly thrown out by a policeman and lay bruised and stunned on the sidewalk. Brigadier Christine MacMillan in her article on Kemp writes, “Suddenly and explosively the outer door burst open and out rushed that gentle man of strength and compassion, George Scott Railton. Kneeling in the street, he lifted Jimmy in his arms, all the love and tenderness of his soul going out to this wretched yet beloved ‘child of misery and woe’.” That night Ash barrel Jimmy was wonderfully saved, and he never looked back. He was indeed a ‘trophy of grace’ and the first Army convert in America. He became an officer and died Captain James Kemp

Question 7

Joe the Turk

Answer 7

Joseph Garabed; Shoemaker by trade He was a colorful character and not afraid to witness for his Savior. frequently found himself in situations where the Army had been forbidden to march or hold open-air meetings. Fifty-three times he was arrested for preaching the gospel. . He would write Bible verses or slogans like “Jesus loves the drunkard” on the walls, and would sing and play his cornet. He became a traveling evangelist and wore a colorful red uniform with gold braid and a Turkish fez. He carried an umbrella which had on it slogans, American and Army flags, and 9 small electric light bulbs that lit up..

Question 8

Samuel Logan Brengle

Answer 8

At the age of 13 he was converted and eventually entered the Methodist ministry as a circuit rider. While studying at the Boston (Mass.) Theological Seminary he experienced the blessing of sanctification, and the teaching and preaching of holiness became the focus of his ministry. Booth was a bit skeptical of intellectuals. Booth’s fears were put to rest as Brengle humbly blacked the boots of the other cadets as one of his house details, and joined in fully with the training. He was badly injured in an open-air meeting when a hooligan threw a brick that struck his head. While he was recuperating he began writing his first book on holiness.

Question 9

Holistic Ministry

Answer 9

Soup, Soap, and Salvation. The care for the whole person was to result in material rehabilitation and spiritual salvation. William Booth - “No one gets a blessing if they have cold feet and nobody ever got saved whilst they had toothache.”

Question 10

Booth’s motivation in helping the poor

Answer 10

William Booth’s own experience of poverty had created within him a desire to do whatever he could to alleviate the misery of the poor, downtrodden classes.

Question 11

What did Catherine start at Gateshead?

Answer 11

Catherine began home visitation among the poor families

Question 12

Midnight Movement

Answer 12

an evangelical movement of Christian women to help prostitutes. Catherine was very sympathetic to their work

Question 13

Started soup kitchens

Answer 13

James Flawn. a converted café owner took over the soup kitchens that had been started by the Christian Mission. With 15 year old Bramwell to help him Flawn became ‘manager of 4 or 5 Food-for-the-Millions shops [providing] the poor with ‘Hot Soup Day or Night, three course dinners for 6 pence

Question 14

Started visiting sick and dying

Answer 14

Jane Short. The visitation of the sick and dying was organized under Jane Short as the “Sick Poor Visitation Society.” Jane Short also oversaw the collection and distribution of old boots and clothing.

Question 15

Christian Charity dealt with

Answer 15

these programs dealt with the symptoms of society’s ills, not the causes

Question 16

Opened home to prostitutes

Answer 16

Mrs. Elizabeth Cotrill. After praying with prostitutes at an Army meeting one night, she offered to take the girls home with her so they would not have to go back to the brothels from which they’d come. Her own home became too small and the Army purchased, in 1884, a house in Hanbury Street off the Whitechapel Road which was the start of the Women’s Social Work.

Question 17

white slavery

Answer 17

the exploitation of women for sex against their will. Many of the young women rescued from prostitution told of being lured to the big city from the country with job offers as housemaids or nannies. When they arrived in the city, the address given would turn out to be a brothel. As the girls were penniless when they arrived it was almost impossible for them to escape the horrible situation in which they found themselves

Question 18

“The Hallelujah Fiddler”

Answer 18

James Dowdle

Question 19

Legal age of consent

Answer 19

13

Question 20

Maiden Tribute - Journalist and paper

Answer 20

Bramwell Booth headed the Army’s crusade to draw attention to this distressful situation. Working with a journalist, W.T. Stead of the Pall Mall Gazette, Bramwell agreed to Stead carrying out an investigation that would demonstrate how easy it was to procure a young girl for immoral purposes and even take her out of the country

Question 21

William Booth social work concerns

Answer 21

he had some reservations about the Army becoming too involved with social work to the neglect of the evangelistic work.
However, Booth’s attitude began to change as he saw the social work as part of the evangelical mission of the Army. Men, women and children were being brought into the Kingdom through the care and concern for the whole person–physical and spiritual. His active, practical mind began to search for something that would help alleviate the circumstances of the many converts to whom the Army ministered.

Question 22

head of the Social Reform Wing of the Army

Answer 22

Frank Smith - against darkest england

Question 23

Wrote “Darkest England and the Way Out.”

Answer 23

W.T. Stead

Question 24

Death of Catherine Booth

Answer 24

She died before the book was published in 1890

Question 25

The Darkest England Match factory

Answer 25

• to challenge the use of a toxic phosphorous used in the manufacturing of matches that caused a condition called “phossy jaw” that disfigured and eventually killed.
  He sought to protest against sweated labor by proving that workers could receive decent wages and work in healthful, safe working conditions and still make a profit. When the point was proved, the match factory was sold

Question 26

Darkest England Tiers

Answer 26

1st - City Colony
2nd - Farm Colony
3rd - Overseas Colony

Question 27

1st Darkest England Tier

Answer 27

City Colony - primarily rehabilitation programs working within the city itself. Most of the social programs already underway were part of this plan.

Question 28

2nd Darkest England Tier

Answer 28

Farm Colony where young city men could be re-trained in agriculture with hope of gainful employment away from the pollution of the cities.

Question 29

3rd Darkest England Tier

Answer 29

Overseas Colony. Booth envisaged the establishment of farming communities made up of the families of the agricultural trainees.
It was felt there would be greater opportunities for those who wished to be part of this plan for a better life in Canada, Australia, Southern Africa and the U.S.A

Question 30

USA colonies

Answer 30

In the USA there were three such land colonies. One was Fort Herrick on Lake Erie in Ohio. Although these land colonies did not succeed as hoped, many of the families remained in the countries where they had settled and were faithful Salvationists.

Question 31

named the first leader of the Social Services work

Answer 31

Commissioner Elijah Cadman

Question 32

Darkest England Critics

Answer 32

Booth’s plan was not without its critics. Journalists, socialists, politicians and others were very vocal. Booth was personally attacked. Within the ranks there were those who were skeptical including Colonel Frank Smith, who left the ranks as a result; and Commissioner G.S. Railton who feared our focus on evangelism would be less. Railton made his protest, but like a good soldier saluted and went on

Question 33

Social work started

Answer 33

Army social work around the world was officially formalized with the social work in the various territories reflecting the needs of the individual territory

Question 34

Setting up work pattern

Answer 34

1. Often started by young people, some in their teens. Went from UK by IHQ. Work started in areas by laity, soldiers, with officers being sent later. Booth wanted to see the work established before he would recognize it officially.
2. Met with persecution and had rapid growth. Started social services.
3. within a short time a “War Cry”or similar tool of literary evangelism was established. And within a year or two a training program for officers would begin.

Question 35

Setting up in France

Answer 35

13 March, 1881 Three young women in their twenties.
The Founders’ eldest daughter Catherine (‘Katie’) known as La Marechale with Adelaide Cox (later to head the Women’s Social Work in Britain) and Florence Soper (daughter of a clergyman and future wife of Bramwell Booth) opened the work in Paris. It was hard going at first with much ridicule and harassment of three young gentlewomen by the roughs and persecution of the first converts and soldiers. But they persisted and by 1882, when the Founder came to Paris to visit, there were 100 soldiers and 80 recruits and a ‘War Cry’ entitled “En Avant” was being published.

Question 36

Setting up in India

Answer 36

19 September, 1882. Frederick Tucker.
In the first years there was persecution and little support from the colonial government; but the Salvationists eventually won through.
With his own knowledge of the Indian culture and language, Tucker soon recognized the need for the salvationists to adopt Indian custom in dress and food and simple lifestyle if they were to effectively present the gospel and win the people over in this largely Hindu country
His wife, dressed as a poor Indian woman, sold the “War Cry” (written in Hindi) on the trains. This brave little English woman died within three years of the opening in India. Her husband eventually remarried. His new wife was Emma Moss Booth, second daughter of the Founders, and added her name to his: Booth-Tucker

Question 37

New Zealand opening

Answer 37

1883. Word of the Army in Britain had reached Christians in New Zealand. They wrote to Booth asking for the work to begin there. Captain George Pollard and Lt. Edward Wright, both under 21, were dispatched by the Founder to begin the work. Pollard started in the South Island city of Dunedin and Wright in the North island city of Auckland. They met up in the capital Wellington nine months later. Five thousand seekers had been recorded, and there were 30 officers and about 600 soldiers as well as 5 brass bands. The Army in New Zealand was received warmly by the many Christians (many Scotch Presbyterians) eager to give them encouragement. Opposition was minimal.

Question 38

First leaders of Army in US

Answer 38

In 1872 James Jermy, an English immigrant to Canada and member of the Christian Mission came to Cleveland, Ohio where he joined in ministry with a Methodist Episcopal preacher, James Fackler

Question 39

Date of Railton and Lassies coming to US and landed where

Answer 39

10 March, 1880 Castle Garden in New York City

Question 40

Who claimed the US for Christ and the army

Answer 40

George Scott Railton and his seven ‘hallelujah lassies’

Question 41

Chaperone of the Lassies

Answer 41

Captain Emma Westbook

Question 42

First US meeting

Answer 42

Thus the first meeting was held in Harry Hill’s Variety Theatre. Fiasco but had good newspaper coverage

Question 43

First US convert

Answer 43

James “Ash barrel Jimmy” Kemp

Question 44

Invading the west coast

Answer 44

Within a year of entering US

Question 45

Thomas Moore

Answer 45

He was a dynamic personality and fine preacher but had limited ability and interest in the administrative side of his responsibilities. He was well loved by the officers and soldiers during that time of persecution and growth of the fledgling Army in America. But he failed to understand Booth’s concept of The Salvation Army as “a living entity
This would lead to the tragic miscommunication between Moore and the international leader over the matter of incorporation. During those early years in the USA the Army had acquired land and other properties. Booth insisted that those properties be held in his name, as was all other Army property.

Question 46

Army Incorporated

Answer 46

Booth did not understand that the law in the USA would not allow a foreigner to own property. Moore, therefore, took out US citizenship so that he could hold, in the Founder’s name, the properties of the Army. Moore recognized that this was not a satisfactory solution. He asked the Founder to allow him to have the Army in America incorporated.
As an incorporated body (like a company) the Army property would not be in one person’s name. Booth was very reluctant. He felt that it would separate the Army in the USA from his administration and its internationalism. Booth felt the Army was “one” Army wherever in the world it was. Moore had the support of his officers and soldiers who understood the situation from the US legal point. But even when Moore headed a delegation including Emma Westbrook to London, the Founder refused..
Things came to a head when one of the New Jersey Corps under state law incorporated themselves and Moore had no legal jurisdiction. He was, in fact, arrested for going into New Jersey to do meetings. Moore, feeling that if he did the deed, the Founder would in the end accept the fait accompli, incorporated The Salvation Army in America in October 1884. IHQ issued farewell orders to Moore which he refused. IHQ had been concerned about Moore’s poor administrative skills and had sent auditors to examine his books. This and his decision to go ahead with incorporation without permission and his refusal to accept his new appointment to South Africa led to his being relieved of duty.

Question 47

Salvation Army of America

Answer 47

Moore left the international Salvation Army and set up the Salvation Army of America, taking the crest with the crown and the “War Cry,” many Salvationists followed him including the pioneer Emma Westbrook
Eventually declined and several years later 30 officers and Emma Westbrook allowed back into Army

Question 48

Volunteers of America

Answer 48

The Ballington Booths had become American citizens and enjoyed great popularity. Ballington felt that IHQ had no understanding of the differences found in other cultures and countries, and he felt Bramwell’s leadership style was despotic and unbending (failing to see that trait in himself). Ballington and Maud also had some reservations about the lack of sacramental observances. Bramwell evidently felt that to keep Ballington from ‘getting above himself,” he and Maud should be transferred. When farewell orders came from the General in January, 1896, they were unexpected and unwelcome.
The Ballington Booths asked that the orders be reconsidered but were refused. The General felt that as he asked other officers to accept orders, he could expect no less from his own son. Family members, Herbert and Eva, were sent to seek reconciliation, but none was possible. Ballington and Maud left and started the Volunteers of America in March 1896.
A few officers left with Ballington but the separation did not cause the deep rift as with Moore. When Emma (The ‘Consul’) and Frederick Booth-Tucker were sent to assume command of the Army in the USA they tried to reach out to Ballington and Maud but were unsuccessful. When the old General came to America in 1898 he tried to reconcile with his son, but failed.

Question 49

2nd General

Answer 49

William Bramwell Booth

Question 50

1929 Crisis

Answer 50

Bramwell Booth was highly respected and loved. But in the early twenties concerns over his absolute autocracy, his unwillingness to take advice from his leaders or hear even constructive criticism began to emerge.
When Lt.-Colonel Catherine Bramwell-Booth was promoted rapidly over a couple of years to Commissioner, many feared that Bramwell Booth had named her as his successor
One of the major concerns and criticisms was Bramwell Booth’s nepotism. His closest advisors were his family rather than his commissioners. His wife, Florence Soper Booth, had a great influence on him. In addition he promoted his family members, ahead of other capable officers, into positions for which they had little experience or capability.
What had been useful and acceptable in his father’s time, was not acceptable in the twentieth century. B. Booth was unable to see that and change with the changing times.
Evangeline Booth drew up a paper with 15 points for discussion in a meeting she had with her brother, the General, in October, 1927
The two major points dealt with 1) the General’s absolute power which was felt to be unacceptable in the modern age (which called for a consultative leadership style), and 2) a recommendation that his successor to be named by a High Council according to the Supplementary Deed Poll of 1904.
In April, 1928, Bramwell Booth became ill with influenza. He left IHQ to go home and never returned. His condition, diagnosed as neuritis and depression, worsened, and by October his wife had assumed most of his responsibilities, for which she had no legal authority. As this situation worsened, officers world-wide, many of them the commissioners, were alarmed.
They feared that if Bramwell Booth died, Catherine would be named General and the opportunity to change the process of selecting a General would be lost.
seven Commissioners called upon the Chief of the Staff, Edward Higgins, to call a High Council according to the Supplementary Deed Poll of 1904, provision had been made to remove a General who was unfit physically, mentally or morally for office
The Commissioners involved, including Samuel Logan Brengle and Gunpei Yamamuro, Army saints, sought to keep the deliberations objective and rational and within the Army family.
The High Council sought General Booth’s approval and resignation. They sent a letter to the General with a deputation including Yamamuro and Brengle to assure the General of their “unalterable affection” and to encourage him to resign retaining the rank of “General.”
Booth’s response through his daughter, Commissioner Catherine, probably composed by Mrs. Booth, that he would not relinquish “a trust committed to him by the Founder.” He hinted at “a lawsuit of the utmost magnitude.”
On 16 January, 1929 a three-quarters majority of the High Council voted to depose the General on the grounds of ill health. There were eight dissenting votes, four of them his relatives.
Commissioner Edward J. Higgins as the third and first elected General of The Salvation Army.
One concern was that Bramwell Booth, in his Will, had named his wife and daughter Catherine, as executors of all the Army properties and funds in his name. It is a credit to their devotion to God and commitment to the Army, despite the hurt they felt, that the family handed over these properties and funds without difficulty.

Question 51

The Storm Pilot

Answer 51

General Edward Higgins