test 2 Flashcards
what is a cistern?
a tank for storing rainwater from a catmint area or for storing water hauled in from some outside source
What is a spring?
a surface water supply arising from a groundwater source
What is a water table?
the level of the water surface in the aquifer
What is Frostbite?
damage to or destruction of bodily tissue as a result of exposure to extremely cold air or object
what is hypothermia?
abnormal, potentially dangerous, low body temperature (= or > 95 degrees Fahrenheit) most commonly caused by a loss of body heat as a result of contact with cold air or objects
What are the four types of wells
Dug, Bored, Driven, Drilled
What are the characteristics of a dug well?
shallow, surface of bedrock, surface contamination, dig till you hit water
what are characteristics of a bored well?
40ft, drill it with a powered operated auger, drought can cause these to dry up
What are the characteristics of a driven well?
big pipe is picked up and dropped to push out dirt, cannot be used on compact soil or rocks
What are characteristics of a drilled well?
mechanically done, hundreds of feet down, goes through rock / hard ground, less likely to have contamination and drought.
what are differences between surface water sources and groundwater?
Surface water: is when precipitation hits the ground. can be found in a spring. has to be treated before used. A cistern stores surface water
Groundwater:water travels through n aquifer (layers of soil, sand, gravel) and eventually reach the water table.
What are potential health problems associated with mass gatherings?
the larger the crowd, more likely to spread disease, lock of potable water from approved sources, inadequate sewage disposal systems, excessive noise, improper food sanitation, improper solid waste collection, storage, disposal.
what are the type types of avalanches?
loose snow ( barrels down a mountain lots of it) Slab ( solid area of snow breaks away)
what are the three components of affecting water quality
- Biological organism
- Chemically : dry cleaning salt etc
- Physically : ph, minerals, turbidity, taste and odor
what does conduction mean
transfer of heat from the body through stationary
what does convection mean
transfer of heat from the body to another location by movement
what does evaporation mean
sweating causes heat loss form the body
what does radiation mean
the body gives off heat that cooler objects absorb
Point source pollutants are
specific location where pollution is coming from (pipe, ditch, culvert)
non-point source pollutants are
a huge part of land that is contaminated that trickles down to aquifers
what are ski-related accidents and injuries
usually caused by skiers behavior. can get caught in an avalanche, hypothermia, frostbite
Ice safety says that…
recreation on ice is 20 times safer than on water and 50 times safer than highway travel
How do you rescue someone who has fallen through ice
rope, branch, pole or human rope
What are ice safe depths
2- inch is good for someone on foot
4-6 is good for groups or vehicles
8+ is good for loads up to 1 ton per square foot
STUDY PICTURE OF POWERPOINT
STUDY PICTURE OF POWERPOINT SLIDE
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER ARE?
- 71% of our earth is water, but less than 1% is available to humans
- 70% of freshwater is frozen
- .007% is available for direct use
- constantly recycling
what is the hydrocele cycle?
precipitation- snowmelt runoff- surface runoff- evaporation- transpiration- condensation
what is the process of community drinking water treatment?
- PRE-SEDIMENTATION- removal of larger materials
- RAPID-MIX- draws suspended solids together
- FLOCCULATION- stirring the water and allowing coagulant and water to mix where solid clump together
- SEDIMENTATION- slow water flow allowing floc to settle out
- FILTRATION- water passes through filters removing remaining suspended solids, bacteria
- DISINFECTION- addition of chlorine or use of ozone, uv radiation, to kill pathogens
- FLUORIDATION- addition of fluoride, not in all communities
- STORAGE- pumped into tanks and distributed to consumers
WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF SEWAGE
is usually 99.9% water and only 0.1% human waste
