Test 2 Flashcards
What is key with a superficial infection?
drainage
What are the three predispositions of Septic Arthritis?
RA
Diabetes
Steroids
Prosthetic joint raises the suspicion for what bug?
coagulase-negative staph. aureus
What bacteria for a human bite?
Eikenella
Is gonococcal arthritis more common in men or women?
women
What is the preferred imaging modality for osteomyelitis?
MRI
Which virus should be on the differential for aseptic meningitis?
HIV
Which is the first antigen to arise during an active HIV infection?
p24
What can be detected 1-3 weeks before HIV antibody?
HIV-1 RNA
How long is p24 antibody detected before HIV antibody?
one week
Which population all receives HIV testing?
pregnant women
Which is more pathogenic, HIV1 or HIV2?
HIV1
Where is HIV2 found?
Africa
Is CCR5 or CXCR4 associated with a more rapid HIV progression?
CXCR4
Which HIV receptor is responsible for chemokines?
CCR5
What does a delta-32 deletion mean?
no co-receptor
What type of drug testing is required for HIV patients?
drug resistance
Pneumocystis occurs when the CD4 count drops below what?
200
MAC occurs when the CD4 count drops below what?
50
Toxo occurs when the CD4 count drops below what?
100
HIV fusion inhibitors inhibit what protein?
gp41
What is IRIS?
Immune Reactivation Inflammatory Syndrome
Which drug requires HLA-B5701 screening?
Abacavir
Which HIV is teratogenic?
Efavirenz
Prior history of AIDS predisposes an individual for which three conditions?
Dyslipidemia
CV
squamous cell cancer of ANUS
What is HHV6?
Roseola
What are the two common properties of all herpes viruses?
replicate in host cell nucleus
latentcy
What is the gold standard for HSV diagnosis?
PCR
What is acyclovir an analogue of?
guanosine
Which virus causes Owl Eye inclusions?
CMV
What is the major toxicity of gangciclovir/valgangciclovir?
neutropenia
What does gangciclovir/valgangciclovir inhibit?
DNA polymerase
Clinical use of foscarnet?
gangciclovir resistant CMV
What is the first vaccination?
Hep B
Fever is greater than what degree fahrenheit? Celsius?
- 4
38. 0
What is the antibiotic for occult bacteremia?
Ceftriaxone
What is meningococcemia?
presence of M. meningitis in the blood
What is the antibiotic for meningococcemia?
penicillin G
Is toxo easier to transfer in 1st or 3rd trimester?
3rd
Does toxo cause a more severe infection in the first or the 3rd trimester?
1st
What is the triad of toxo?
Hydrocephalus
Chorioretinitis
Intracranial calcifications
Which organism produces periventricular calcification?
CMV
Which viral family does rubella belong to?
Toga
What is the triad of rubella?
cataracts
heart
deafness
The diagnosis of what perinatal infection can only be made during the first year of life?
Rubella
What is the triad of CMV?
Jaundice
hepatosplenomegaly
petechiae/purpura
Which perinatal infection can cause seizures?
HSV
What are the four symtpoms of disseminated HSV?
hepatosplenomegaly
fever
DIC
skin eruptions
What structure does erysipelas infect?
dermal lymphatics
What happens to hot tub folliculitis in most patients?
resolves spontaneously
What is the most common cause of Clostridial infection?
trauma
What type of infection has pain out of proportion to physical findings?
nec. fasc.
Which type of infection can follow the lymphatic system?
Fungi
What is the most common route for septic arthritis?
hematogenous
Bug for puncture wound?
Pseudomonas
Which three viral infections can produce pharyngitis?
HIV
EBV
Influenza
Is bronchitis more commonly viral or bacterial?
viral
What could cause pain upon defecation in AIDS patients?
HSV proctitis
What causes Herpetic Whitlow?
sucking on fingers
What is Mollaret Syndrome?
recurrent HSV meningitis
Which virus can cause Sacral Dysfunction?
HSV
What is a drawback to acyclovir?
poor oral absorption
Which has vesicles of different stages, chicken pox or shingles?
chicken pox
What is the biggest concern of VZV lesions?
superimposed bacteria
What is the most severe complication of VZV? Mortality?
VZV pneumonia
near 50%
Ampicillin induced rash can correspond to what two viruses?
EBV or CMV
Which group is experiencing an increase in HIV incidence?
MSM
When do HIV infected patients present with symptoms?
viremia
What can be a clue for acute HIV infection?
rash
What rises first in an acute HIV infection?
viral load
What are the two confirmatory tests for HIV?
western
multispot
What is the advantage of HIV multispot test?
can differentiate between HIV1 and HIV2
What are the two HIV co-receptors?
CCR5 and CXCR4
Which HIV tropsim is transmitted from person to person?
CCR5
What does a two allele deletion of CCR5 mean?
almost immune
When would in-utero transmissions of HIV occur?
late stages
C-section for a viral load over what?
1,000
Syphilis is increasing in what population?
MSM
What cancer is increasing in gay men?
Anal
Is anal intercourse needed to have anal cancer?
no
Is GEL early onset or late onset sepsis?
early
Most significant infection in late onset sepsis?
meningitis
What is the most common bug for occult bacteremia?
strep. pneumo
Is HepB vaccine safe during pregnancy?
yes
What is the most common blood borne infection?
HCV
According to Bingaman, how many HIV antigens need to be present for a (+) HIV test?
two
HIV is also often found with what bug co-infection?
H. ducreyi
Which bug causes Granuloma Inguinale?
Klebsiella granulomatis
Is Granuloma Inguinale painful or painless?
painless
What virus family is Molloscum Cantagiosum a part of?
poxvirus
What are two major populations that should receive HCV testing?
HIV and IV drug users
Drug for chancroid?
1g of Azithromycin
Which has less recurrence, HSV1 or HSV2?
HSV1
What is primary herpes?
no previous AB’s
Tell patients what during their pregnancy if their partner is herpes positive?
avoid sex in 3rd trimester
A patient that tests positive for syphillis should also be tested for what?
HIV
Megaplacenta corresponds to what disease?
congenital syphillis
Two drug for gonorrhea?
azithromycin or ceftriaxone
Reevaluate PID after how long?
72 hours
Does Granuloma Inguinale have palpable lymph nodes?
no
Drug for chancroid?
doxycycline
Drug for lymphogranuloma venerum?
doxy
Drug for scabies?
Permethrin
Molloscum occurs everywhere on the body except where?
palms and soles
What drug can increase the risk of cyctitis?
spermacide
What can give a positive nitrite?
beets
What is the normal heart rate for a one month old?
120-160
What is the normal respiratory rate for a one month old?
40-60
When can one diagnose septic shock?
after fluids have failed
Early sepsis occurs within how many days of life?
6 days
What is chorioamnionitis?
inflammation of fetal membranes
What is important during Occult Bacteremia?
vaccination history
Four drugs for toxo ?
pyrimethamine
sulfadiazine
leucovorin
prednisone
What is used to diagnose CMV?
urine
Which virus is the leading cause of congenital deafness?
CMV
What is the most common presentation for congenital HSV?
disseminated
How often does disseminated HSV after birth?
3 days
What two things should infants born to a Hep B positive mother receive?
vaccination
HepB immunoglobulin
Metaphyseal Dystrophy is indicative of what congenital disease?
syphillis
Which congenital virus can produce DIC?
herpes
Which two bacteria are known to mediate Necrotizing Fasciitis?
C. perfringens
GAS
Two steps for treating septic arthritis?
drain and antibiotics
What is often the cause of treatment failure in osteomyelitis?
inadequate tissue debridement
Which virus should always be in the differential for thrombocytopenia?
HIV
When is VZV no longer contagious?
crusted over
When are steroids used for EBV?
airway obstruction
Disseminated herpes usually occurs under what age in neonates?
4 weeks or under
Two main bugs for necrotizing fasciitis?
C. perfringens
Group A Strep
Where does clostridium septicum originate from?
colon
What percent of HIV infected people dont know theyre infected in the US?
20%
Which co-receptor is responsible for spread of HIV?
CCR5
What is the most common AIDS defining illness?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Primary prophylaxis for what three bugs during HIV?
pneumocystis
toxo
MAC
Is herpes labialis HSV1 or HSV2?
one
Which reactivates more often, HSV1 or HSV2?
HSV2
Which herpes virus is not cytopathic?
EBV
What are neutrophil numbers for SIRS in peeds?
> 15
What is the drug for early onset sepsis?
ampicillin
What are the drugs for late onset sepsis?
cephalosporin or vanc.
Which perinatal virus can a women get infected with before birth that effects the fetus?
Rubella
How many positive tests in neonate to Dx HIV?
two positive
How many negative tests in neonate to be clear of HIV?
three negative
Which type of herpes infection has the highest rate of neonatal transmission?
primary
