Test 2 Flashcards
Maghreb- Story of Four Captives
Four Rabbis were taken captive. Muslim sea pirates from Cordoba, Spain captured a ship which from Bari in southern Italy. They each were put in different places. This showed how the jews were all over the place and become the heads of Yeshivot in those places.
Myth- no way to confirm the story;has many similarities to stories from the Gemara
Rise of new Torah Centers
Ifriqiya, Kairoun Fez, Fostat, Cordova (places to the west of Babalonia) (3 of the captives are all sold)
3 Periods of Jewish life in Spain
Jews under Visigoths
ALmohade invasion
Christian Spain
Judeo- Arabic Culture
Philosophy poetry (Halakha, Talmud learning, Grammar)
Philology
the study of language - Biblical text- Menachem ibn Saruq, Dunash ibn Labrat (Dror Yikra)
*Golden Age of Spain
Period of Cordova- age of Hasdai ibn Shaprut (invasion of the Berbers); rise of the Scholar Statesman
(unified muslim ruler over spain)
Period of Granda- age of Shmuel Hnagid (powerful in Muslim society) he’s a General
Age of Lucena- Rif –author of the “Little Talmud”
Age of Rambam- died 1204
(Rambam was the example of Judeo-Arabic Culture)
*Scholar Statesman
someone who uses their political power to protects Jews
Hasdai ibin Shaorut- Letter to the Khazars
Shmuel Hnagid- Vizier- Generak (Battle poetry)
Joseph Hnagid- Alhambra Palace
Age of Lucena
Rabbi Alfasi-Rif wrote the “Little Talmud”
Torah Transmission
Know the concept of the Torah passed down starting with Moshe ben Chanoch all the way to the Rambam
Moshe ben Chanoch Chanoch ben Moshe Shmuel Hnagid R. Issac Alfazi-(Lucena) R. Yosef Ibn Migash (Ri Migash) Maimon ben Yosef (Father of the Rambam) Rambam
Poetry
1) Arabic- secular- Arabic language- battle (Shmuel Hnagid) friendship, love (Sephardi)
2) Piyyut- Liturgical- Hebrew- Religious- Kinot- Yozrot on Yom Kippur (both Sephardi and Ashkenazi)
Poets
Shmuel Hanagid (battles, war) Yehudah Halevi (wrote about his love for Israel)
Rambam
R’ Moshe ben Meimon aka: Maimonides
born 1135 died 1204
Four places that Rambam lived (and why he left)
Kordura- left because of Muslims persecuting him
Fez (North Africa)- left because of Muslims persecuting him
Isreal–christains crusades
Cairo, Egypt- He died here
Igerret Teiman
There was a false Messiah in Yemen so Rambam assured them not to lose faith. They added him into their Kaddash prayers.
Igerret Hashemad
Jews being forced to convert or die in North Africa, Rambam assured them that they could convert and just secretly know themselves that they are really Jews.
Perush Hamishnayot- Chelek
Rambam’s commentary on the Mishna
Dogma- 13 Midot
Rumba says there are 13 things everyone must accept to go to Heaven.
Shemonah Perakim
Ethical Work- “Shvil Hazahav”
Charity- the Golden Mean-(from Aristotle)
Sefer Hamitzvot
Rambam’s Introduction to the rational reasons of mitzvot- Shofar, Egla Arufa
Mishna Torah
Written by Rambam in Mishnaic Hebrew–Written in Derech Chibbur– like a manuscript.
Hebrew
Short Format easy to understand the final laws
No sources- prevent criticism from Karaites
Unique Classification System- Did not follow the Talmud (like the Rif)
Yad Chazaka- like he is Moshe
Argent that he is saying he wrote the 2nd Mishna (Authoritative style)
Moreh Nevuchim
Guide to the perplexed, Rambam’s guide to philosophy
Palace Metephor
do you know it???
Rabbi Yehudah Halevi
disagreement on the quote
Rumba thought it was philosophy
R’ Yehudah Halevi thought it was
טוְאַתָּה שְׁלֹמֹה-בְנִי דַּע אֶת-אֱלֹהֵי אָבִיךָ וְעָבְדֵהוּ, בְּלֵב שָׁלֵם וּבְנֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה–כִּי כָל-לְבָבוֹת דּוֹרֵשׁ יְהוָה, וְכָל-יֵצֶר מַחֲשָׁבוֹת מֵבִין: אִם-תִּדְרְשֶׁנּוּ יִמָּצֵא לָךְ, וְאִם-תַּעַזְבֶנּוּ יַזְנִיחֲךָ לָעַד.
daah–philosophy
avodhu–mitzvot
Little Talmud
list of all of the Halakhot in the Gemara, without the arguments
made so that people could keep Halakha under persecution
