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NUR 106 Test 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperkalemia causes what?

A

Muscle weakness and dangerous dysrhythmias

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2
Q

Hypocalcemia causes what?

A

Increases neuromuscular excitability

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3
Q

Hypercalcemia causes what?

A

Pathological fractures as ca moves from bones to blood

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4
Q

Hypomagnesmia causes what?

A

Chronic alcoholism, Neuro muscular excitability muscle twitching, cramping

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5
Q

Hypermagnesmia causes what?

A

Decreased neuromuscular excitability bradycardia, hypotension

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6
Q

Hypochloremia/hyperchloremia associated with what?

A

Alkalosis and conditions that cause a loss of hydrochloride acid–always occurs with other imbalances and has no unique s/s

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7
Q

D5W is what

A

Isotonic

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8
Q

.9% NS is what

A

Isotonic

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9
Q

Lactated ringers is what

A

Isotonic

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10
Q

.45% NS is what

A

Hypotonic

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11
Q

If a solution is isotonic what does that mean?

A

Stays in the vascular tree, ECV

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12
Q

Is a solution is hypotonic what does that mean?

A

Water moves into the cells and out of ECV

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13
Q

If a solution is hypertonic what does that mean?

A

Water moves out of the cell and into ECV, cell shrinks

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14
Q

Active transport does what?

A

Moving from area of low concentration to high concentration, requires ATP

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15
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Passive movement of electrolytes from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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16
Q

Osmosis is what?

A

Moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration, equalizes the concentration of particles on each side of a cell membrane

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17
Q

What is the normal pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

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18
Q

What is normal range for PaCO2

A

35-45

19
Q

What is normal range for PaO2?

A

80-100

20
Q

What does a PaO2 less than 60 cause?

A

Leads to anaerobic metabolism causing lactic acid production and metabolic acidosis

21
Q

Hyperventilation causes what to happen?

A

PaO2 below 35, more CO2 exhaled causing alkalosis

22
Q

Hypoventilation produces PaO2 above 45 as rate and respiration decrease less CO2 is exhaled cells make more and it rises

A

CHF

23
Q

Hypoxemia can cause what

A

Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis

24
Q

Normal range of bicarbonate is what

A

22 to 26

25
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Increased PaO2 and increased H+ concentration-meaning low pH

Hypo ventilation causes this and causes cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells to become acidic and decreasing level of conciousness

26
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Decreased PaO2 and increased pH that reflect deficit of carbonic acid in blood

Hyperventilation produces this which causes cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells to become akalotic decreasing the level of conciousness

27
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Increase in metabolic acids or decreased bicarbonate,

Diabetic ketoacidosis causes

28
Q

Metabolic alkalosis results from?

A

Gain of bicarbonate, common causes are vomiting and gastric suction

29
Q

What is an autologous transfusion?

A

Patients own blood

30
Q

What is an allogenic transfusion?

A

Someone else’s blood

31
Q

Normal Na+ range

A

135-145

32
Q

Normal K+ range?

A

3.5-5

33
Q

Normal Ca range?

A

Xx

34
Q

PQRSTU

A

Palliative and provocative-what makes pain better or worse?

Quality-Describe your pain

Relief-What do you take at home to relieve pain?

Region-show me where you hurt

Severity-how bad is your pain? 0 to 10 scale

Timing-is pain constant, intermittent or both?

U-effect on patient-what are you not able to do because of pain?

35
Q

Where is major sleep center?

A

Hypothalamus in CNS

36
Q

When does REM SLEEP occur?

A

At end of each 90 min cycle, causes increased brain activity and muscle Antonia

37
Q

Stage 1 wound

A

Intact skin with non-blanch able redness

38
Q

Stage II wound

A

Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both

39
Q

Stage III wound

A

Full thickness tissue loss with visible fat

40
Q

Stage IV

A

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone muscle or tendon

41
Q

What is primary intention

A

Suture line

42
Q

What is dehiscence

A

Separation of wound on top of fascia

43
Q

Evisceration

A

Separation below the fascia and visceral organs protrude

44
Q

Hyperkalemia causes what?

A

Produces muscle weakness and if severe dysrhythmias

NUR 106 Test 2 (1 decks)

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