Test 2 Flashcards
4 battles in Pontiac’s Rebellion
1790 Harma’s defeat (Indian victory)
1791 St Claire’s defeat (Indian victory)
1794 Fallen timbers
1811 Tippecanoe
2 other leaders in Pontiac’s Rebellion
Little Turtle (Miami) Blue Jacket (Shawnee)
Daniel Boone
1734-1780
Frontiersman known for exploring Cumberland Gap and founding Boonesborough, Kentucky settlement; captured by Shawnee and escaped; portrayed Indians as savages
Joseph Brant
1743-1807 Leader of Mohawk Iroquois "The Monster" Killed his son in self defense Met George Washington
“The Indian Princess”
1808, retelling of Pocahontas
Cherokee Phoenix
1828, first newspaper published in Native language
Red Jacket
Accused Handsome Lake of being an imposter for rejecting Iroquois religion
“Metamora”
1829, play about King Philip
Handsome Lake
1735-1815
Seneca tribe
Visions after illness, preached & created a code
Lewis and Clarke
Corps of Discovery 1804-06
Thomas Jefferson asked to explore the new Lousiana Purchase land
Accompanied by Sacagawea & baby
Encountered 70 tribes
Plains Indians
Horses introduced by Spaniards in 1600s; French bring guns and disease; conflict in other areas caused Indians to split up; sweat lodge used for purification; wasna = jerky, Sundance = test of endurance and courage
Wakan Tanka
Great mystery, divine
Interconnectedness with nature
Mandan and Hidatsa
Both speak Sioux language; joined by Arikara people and became allied; marketplace village; Hidatsa scalp dance, Mandan bull dance; able to buy way into Mandan society
Chinook
Agressive
Fight with Blackfeet
Attacked Lewis and Clarke
Charles Bird King
1785-1862
Studied art
Painted portraits for Senators
(Also painted Red Jacket and Black Hawk)
Plagues
Writer counts kept record of events;
Medicine men and shamans lost status in tribes since unable to cure small pox; Sweat houses were dangerous; rubella, syphilis and cholera outbreaks (6 major recorded in 1725-1802)
War of 1812
U.S. vs British
Battle of Beaver Dam 1813
Battle of Thames 1813
Tecumseh
Leader of Shawnee
Brother to Tenskwatawa (who became prophet after a vision)
George Catlin
1796-1872
Painter who traveled West to capture plains Indian way of life
Lived with Hidatsa and Mandan for months
Andrew Jackson
Advocated for Indian removal
Signed removal act in 1830
Hostile towards Indians
Christianize and Americanize them
5 civilize tribes
Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminoles and Chickasaw
Fort Mims
Massacre of whites by Creek Indians
Echota Treaty
Cherokee tricked into signing
Karl Bodmer
Painter, showed sympathy and respect for Indians
Portrayed them as individuals; accompanied Prince Max on expedition and stayed with Mandan and Hidatsa for 5 months
Black Hawk’s Case
Sauk leader
Rejected treaty signed by small group of Indians who had no authority; did not want war, militia fired as his messengers and war erupted
Southwest
4 corners: Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico
Hohokam
Arizona, 200 CE-1400 CE
Corn farming, platform mounds, petroglyphs, canals, pyramid structures
Anasazi
4 corners, Mesa Verde
Ancestral Puebloans “ancient enemies”
Sophisticated baskets, pit houses
Kiva: round ceremonial pit underground, Spipapu: hole in kiva where ancestors climbed out; multi storied pueblos; disruption & migration in 1300
Mogollon
New Mexico, Mexican influence
Pottery (mimbres)
Kill bowls
1100 Golden Age
Spanish Invasions
Agressive conquest
Coronado and Oñate were brutal
Pueblo revolt in 1680, led by Pope
Spaniards retreat for 12 yrs in Mexico and return to take back land with a calmer attitude
Navaho
Came from Canada, spoke Athabascan
Split from Apache (hunters/raiders) and became shepherders
Navaho men wove
Long walk to Bosque Redondo
Mangas Coloradas
Apache war chief
Battle Of Apache Pass 1862: surprise Americans; injured and killed in custody
Geronimo
Apache warrior 1829-1909
San Carlos reservation
Surrendered to Miles
4 massacres
Sand Creek
Fetterman
Washita
Camp Grant
6 wars
Upper Plains Modoc Nez Perce Comanche Sioux Apache
Amos Bad Heart Bull
Sioux artist Great deeds of the brave Ledger art book Scout for military Art buried with sister
Captain Jack
Modoc Chief
Killed General Canby
Army attacks, Indians surrender, jack captured and hung
Surviving Modocs sent to Oklahoma
Nez Perce
Chief Joseph
Gold discovered on land, whites move in, whites killed, flee canada. 1400 miles in 4 months, captured at border
Edward Curtis
Photographer 1868-1952
JP Morgan funded project to document Indian life/culture
Traveled many miles for this
Black Elk
Vision, becomes shaman, participated in little big horn, hired by Buffalo Bill for show, returns home, Indians in bad living conditions, converts to Catholicism, wrote book with author Niehard
Charles Marion Russell
Cowboy for 11 years
Became artist
Respectful towards Indians
Art is humane
Turner
Thesis on american values and frontier
Negative view on Indians
Informality, democracy and individualism
Frederick Remington
Majored in art
Obsessed with west
Theme: struggle for individual against all savage foes, bronze works (like Russell)
Buffalo Bill Cody
Midwest civil war vet
Hired to kill lost of buffalo
Made famous by dime novels from Ned Buntlines
Hires Indians for Wild West show, industrial workers needed entertainment
Cochise
Apache leader that resisted invaders
Apache pass with mangas Coloradas
Trail of tears
Cherokee forced to give up land and relocate to Oklahoma
Pontiac’s Rebellion
- 1763, against British
- Proclamation of 1763
- Pontiac from Ottowa tribe
