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Psychology of Exceptional Children > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Required by law
  • Children 0-2 years old
  • Multidisciplinary team
A

IFSP: Individualized Family Service Plan

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2
Q
  • Plan developed by a team
  • Annual review
  • Children 12-16 years old
A

IEP: Individualized Education Plan

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3
Q

Principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law

A

Due Process

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4
Q

What is an intellectual disability?

A

A heterogeneous disorder. Utility of term is for communication reasons so it gets people services

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5
Q

Total # of people with an ID in a given time. 5-6 million people in US (2.5-3%)

A

Prevalence

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6
Q

NEW cases in a particular period

A

Incidence

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7
Q
  • Hypothetical construct (set of cognitive skills)
  • Overt behavior that taps those skills
  • Measured by intellectual assessments
A

Intellectual functioning

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8
Q

What is limited cognitive abilities and deficit in adaptive behavior?

A

Intellectual disabilities (for Dx - deficits in both must be present and occur during the developmental period)

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9
Q
  • Mean: 100, SD: 15

- Below 70 = range of ID (2.2% population)

A

IQ Test

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10
Q

What is the zone of uncertainty or borderline?

A

65-75

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11
Q

The typical, dichotomous (MR vs. no MR) definition creates difficulties for those on the “borderline”. Not widely used

A

AAMR 1992 definition

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12
Q

What is intermittent support?

A
  • 1st level
  • may occur on an “as needed basis”
  • 85%
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13
Q

What is limited support?

A
  • 2nd level
  • may occur over a limited time span such as during transition from school to work or in time-limited job training
  • 10%
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14
Q

What is extensive support?

A
  • 3rd level
  • support in a life area is assistance that an individual needs on a daily basis that is not limited by time
  • 3-4%
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15
Q

What is pervasive support?

A
  • 4th level
  • refers to constant support across environments and life areas and may include life-sustaining measures
  • 1-2%
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16
Q

What is a dual diagnosis?

A

ID + psychiatric disorder (OCD, ADHD)

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17
Q

Same results per person over time

A

Reliability

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18
Q
  • General intellectual functioning that originates during the development period; affects adaptive behavior
  • 1 SD below the mean of a standardized intelligence test
A

“Sub-average”

19
Q

-Study of the origin and spread of a disease (in a population over time)

A

Epidemiology

20
Q

Identifiable (always smaller than true, doesn’t capture everyone) vs. True (actual # of individuals in population currently

A

Prevalence

21
Q
  • More than 250 known cases

- Organic vs. Environmental causes

22
Q

What are organic etiologies?

A

all known causes are biological or medical. Referred to as clinical mental retardation

23
Q

A single gene can control “its partner” (heterozygous) - rare

A

Dominant transmission

24
Q

A single gene needs an identical partner to produce the effect (homozygous), otherwise it recedes (inert). Organic etiology

A

Recessive transmission

Examples: Tay-Sachs, PKU

25
Affects boys more than girls. Organic Etiology
Sex(x)-Linked Inheritance
26
Interaction of multiple genetic factors; difficult to identify. Organic Etiology
Polygenic Inheritance
27
- Innate, generally not hereditary | - Problem during cell division in pregnancy (typically meiosis)
Chromosomal Deviation (still an Organic Etiology)
28
- Most prevalent example of Chromosomal Deviation - Most researched - Distinct physical characteristics
Down Syndrome, organic etiology
29
- 2nd most common type of ID - deficiency of X chromosome - comorbid with autism - Distinct physical characteristics
Fragile X Syndrome, organic etiology
30
What are two types of cranial malformations?
Microcephaly and Hydrocephalus
31
- Small, conical skull, curved spine with stooping posture, severe ID - Recessive trait or secondary to untreated measles or FAS
Microcephaly
32
- Interference in cerebrospinal fluid within skull - Progressive enlargement of cranium and subsequent brain damage - Polygenic inheritance, maternal infections, or intoxications
Hydrocephalus
33
What are congenital factors?
Maternal Disease
34
At birth, the mother's immune system reacts to the infant's blood, transmitting antibodies to the infant
Blood-group compatibility
35
- FAS/FAE - High risk in 1st trimester - 2-3 ounces can produce FAS
Substance Abuse
36
- Associated with milder forms of ID - "Cultural-familial" or "psychosocial disadvantage" - Low SES - Childrearing practices - Poor neonatal health care/premature birth
Environmental Etiologies
37
Prevent occurrence by 50% of all cases by the end of century
President's Committee on Mental Retardation. based of Kennedy and his sister
38
What is the purpose of Preconception?
Prevent hereditary, innate, congenital, and other constitutional disorders
39
Goal of making an informed decision
Genetic counseling
40
What is prevention during Gestation?
- Prenatal Care | - Analysis of the fetus (amniocentesis, CVS, ultrasound)
41
What is Amniocentesis?
- 14th-16th week of pregnancy - drawing and analysis of amniotic fluid and tissue - detection of chromosomal errors (Down syndrome)
42
What is Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)?
- performed 9 weeks after gestation - chronic tissue is withdrawn and analyzed - allows earlier analysis of fetal status
43
- Proper nutrition (first 6 months) - Dietary restrictions for metabolic disorders until no longer required (PKU) - Avoidance of toxins to prevent acquired brain injury
APGAR Scale Prevention during early childhood

Psychology of Exceptional Children (1 decks)

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