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Psychology of Exceptional Children > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Required by law
  • Children 0-2 years old
  • Multidisciplinary team
A

IFSP: Individualized Family Service Plan

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2
Q
  • Plan developed by a team
  • Annual review
  • Children 12-16 years old
A

IEP: Individualized Education Plan

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3
Q

Principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law

A

Due Process

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4
Q

What is an intellectual disability?

A

A heterogeneous disorder. Utility of term is for communication reasons so it gets people services

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5
Q

Total # of people with an ID in a given time. 5-6 million people in US (2.5-3%)

A

Prevalence

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6
Q

NEW cases in a particular period

A

Incidence

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7
Q
  • Hypothetical construct (set of cognitive skills)
  • Overt behavior that taps those skills
  • Measured by intellectual assessments
A

Intellectual functioning

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8
Q

What is limited cognitive abilities and deficit in adaptive behavior?

A

Intellectual disabilities (for Dx - deficits in both must be present and occur during the developmental period)

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9
Q
  • Mean: 100, SD: 15

- Below 70 = range of ID (2.2% population)

A

IQ Test

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10
Q

What is the zone of uncertainty or borderline?

A

65-75

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11
Q

The typical, dichotomous (MR vs. no MR) definition creates difficulties for those on the “borderline”. Not widely used

A

AAMR 1992 definition

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12
Q

What is intermittent support?

A
  • 1st level
  • may occur on an “as needed basis”
  • 85%
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13
Q

What is limited support?

A
  • 2nd level
  • may occur over a limited time span such as during transition from school to work or in time-limited job training
  • 10%
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14
Q

What is extensive support?

A
  • 3rd level
  • support in a life area is assistance that an individual needs on a daily basis that is not limited by time
  • 3-4%
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15
Q

What is pervasive support?

A
  • 4th level
  • refers to constant support across environments and life areas and may include life-sustaining measures
  • 1-2%
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16
Q

What is a dual diagnosis?

A

ID + psychiatric disorder (OCD, ADHD)

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17
Q

Same results per person over time

A

Reliability

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18
Q
  • General intellectual functioning that originates during the development period; affects adaptive behavior
  • 1 SD below the mean of a standardized intelligence test
A

“Sub-average”

19
Q

-Study of the origin and spread of a disease (in a population over time)

A

Epidemiology

20
Q

Identifiable (always smaller than true, doesn’t capture everyone) vs. True (actual # of individuals in population currently

A

Prevalence

21
Q
  • More than 250 known cases

- Organic vs. Environmental causes

A

Etiology

22
Q

What are organic etiologies?

A

all known causes are biological or medical. Referred to as clinical mental retardation

23
Q

A single gene can control “its partner” (heterozygous) - rare

A

Dominant transmission

24
Q

A single gene needs an identical partner to produce the effect (homozygous), otherwise it recedes (inert). Organic etiology

A

Recessive transmission

Examples: Tay-Sachs, PKU

25
Q

Affects boys more than girls. Organic Etiology

A

Sex(x)-Linked Inheritance

26
Q

Interaction of multiple genetic factors; difficult to identify. Organic Etiology

A

Polygenic Inheritance

27
Q
  • Innate, generally not hereditary

- Problem during cell division in pregnancy (typically meiosis)

A

Chromosomal Deviation (still an Organic Etiology)

28
Q
  • Most prevalent example of Chromosomal Deviation
  • Most researched
  • Distinct physical characteristics
A

Down Syndrome, organic etiology

29
Q
  • 2nd most common type of ID
  • deficiency of X chromosome
  • comorbid with autism
  • Distinct physical characteristics
A

Fragile X Syndrome, organic etiology

30
Q

What are two types of cranial malformations?

A

Microcephaly and Hydrocephalus

31
Q
  • Small, conical skull, curved spine with stooping posture, severe ID
  • Recessive trait or secondary to untreated measles or FAS
A

Microcephaly

32
Q
  • Interference in cerebrospinal fluid within skull
  • Progressive enlargement of cranium and subsequent brain damage
  • Polygenic inheritance, maternal infections, or intoxications
A

Hydrocephalus

33
Q

What are congenital factors?

A

Maternal Disease

34
Q

At birth, the mother’s immune system reacts to the infant’s blood, transmitting antibodies to the infant

A

Blood-group compatibility

35
Q
  • FAS/FAE
  • High risk in 1st trimester
  • 2-3 ounces can produce FAS
A

Substance Abuse

36
Q
  • Associated with milder forms of ID
  • “Cultural-familial” or “psychosocial disadvantage”
  • Low SES
  • Childrearing practices
  • Poor neonatal health care/premature birth
A

Environmental Etiologies

37
Q

Prevent occurrence by 50% of all cases by the end of century

A

President’s Committee on Mental Retardation. based of Kennedy and his sister

38
Q

What is the purpose of Preconception?

A

Prevent hereditary, innate, congenital, and other constitutional disorders

39
Q

Goal of making an informed decision

A

Genetic counseling

40
Q

What is prevention during Gestation?

A
  • Prenatal Care

- Analysis of the fetus (amniocentesis, CVS, ultrasound)

41
Q

What is Amniocentesis?

A
  • 14th-16th week of pregnancy
  • drawing and analysis of amniotic fluid and tissue
  • detection of chromosomal errors (Down syndrome)
42
Q

What is Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)?

A
  • performed 9 weeks after gestation
  • chronic tissue is withdrawn and analyzed
  • allows earlier analysis of fetal status
43
Q
  • Proper nutrition (first 6 months)
  • Dietary restrictions for metabolic disorders until no longer required (PKU)
  • Avoidance of toxins to prevent acquired brain injury
A

APGAR Scale Prevention during early childhood

Psychology of Exceptional Children (1 decks)

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