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X-ray Physics > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the film emulsion made of?

A

Silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

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2
Q

The purpose of using intensifying screens is to:

A

Reduce Patient Exposure

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3
Q

What are intensifying screens made of?

A

Rare earth crystals

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4
Q

You had a 200 speed film-screen system. The technique chart that is posted works well for the system. You purchase a new 600 speed film-screen imaging system. What will you need to do to all of mAs values on the existing technique chart?

A

Use 1/3 mAs

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5
Q

As film screen system speed increases, sharpness of detail:

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Which of these system speeds would you use for detailed extremity images?

A

100 Speed

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7
Q

Which of these would you choose if you specialize in pediatrics?

A

1200 Speed

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8
Q

Which of these would be the minimum speed used for spine imaging?

A

400 Speed

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9
Q

What is film latitude?

A

Range of error

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10
Q

How is film contrast related to film latitude?

A

Inversely

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11
Q

What type of safelight is safe for rare earth screen film combinations?

A

GBX

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12
Q

Safelight bulbs should be _____ or less.

A

15 Watts

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13
Q

Safelights should be placed at least _____ from the work surface in the darkroom.

A

4 Feet

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14
Q

Film should be stored at _____ relative humidity.

A

40-60%

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15
Q

Dirty screens cause these artifacts:

A

Sharp white dots

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16
Q

This should be used to clean intensifying screens:

A

Screen cleaner and gauze

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17
Q

Define LATENT image:

A

The invisible image on the film prior to processing.

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18
Q

What would happen if you use film that is out of date?

A

Fog

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19
Q

What is the function of fixer?

A

To clear and harden the emulsion

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20
Q

Why does the direction of film transport through the processor matter?

A

Chemical replenishment

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21
Q

What would the image look like it … processed with oxidized developer?

A

Too Light

22
Q

how would the image look if the developer was too hot?

A

Too Dark

23
Q

What is the function of developer?

A

To convert the latent into a manifest image.

24
Q

What is the film BASE made of?

A

Polyester Plastic (mylar)

25
Q

State the unit of absorbed dose in classical nomenclature:

A

RAD

26
Q

State the unit absorbed dose in Systems International nomenclature.

A

Gray

27
Q

100 RAD = ______ Gray

A

1

28
Q

State the unit for occupational exposure in classical nomenclature.

A

REM

29
Q

REM = RAD x ____

A

QF

30
Q

What is the QF?

A

Quality Factor

31
Q

What is the QF of x-ray?

A

1

32
Q

In x-ray ____ R= _____ RAD= _____ REM

A

1-1-1

33
Q

20 mRAD of x-ray exposure = ______ mREM

A

20

34
Q

____ mREM = 1 REM

A

1000

35
Q

_______ mREM = 1 REM

A

1,000

36
Q

20 RAD of Alpha exposure = ____ REM

A

400

37
Q

State the unit for occupational exposure in Systems International nomenclature.

A

Sievert

38
Q

10 REM = ____ Sievert

A

1

39
Q

Comparing annual radiation exposure to the population in the U.S., most exposure comes from this source:

A

Background: cosmis, terrestrial

40
Q

This x-ray interaction with matter produces the whites in the image.

A

Photoelectric absorption

41
Q

This x-ray interaction causes “fog” in an image.

A

Compton Scatter

42
Q

This x-ray interaction occurs high kVp in the diagnostic range:

A

Compton Scatter (60-125 kVp)

43
Q

This x-ray interaction decreases image contrast:

A

Compton Scatter

44
Q

State the optimum range of kVp for spine imaging:

A

70-90 kVp

45
Q

State the range of optimum kVp for extremity imaging:

A

50-60 kVp

46
Q

Which of these will exhibit the least shape distortion?

A

PA lumbar spine

47
Q

Which of these will exhibit the least size distortion?

A

AP Lumbar spine

48
Q

When collimating from a 14x17 area to a 10x12 area:

A

Increase mAs 50%

49
Q

An AP lumbar spine exam is properly exposed using 40 mAs, 73 kVp on a 14x17 film. If an 4x4 spot view of L-1 is required, what should the new exposure factors be?

A

60 mAs, 73 kVp

50
Q

An image with no OID requires 20 mAs, what should the mAs be if there is a 6” OID?

A

30 mAs

X-ray Physics (2 decks)

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