Test 2 Flashcards
How many amendments are there to the us constitution?
27
What is the equal protection clause?
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Where is the equal protection clause?
Amendment 14 section 1
What act of law ended slavery?
The 13th
Where did brown vs the board of education take place?
Topeka Kansas
When did brown vs the board of education take place?
1954 and 1955
What was the “Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC) ?
Organization lead by Martin Luther King Jr. to provide a base for the civil rights movement
What happened in Plessy vs Ferguson?
The Supreme court ruled that segregation did not violate the equal protection clause
What year was Plessy vs Ferguson?
1896
What is the bill of rights?
The first 10 amendments ratified simultaneously
When was the black panther party around?
1966 to 1982
What did the black panther party do?
Started with armed citizen patrols to counteract police brutality. Then focused on community social programs.
Who started the black panther party?
Huey P Newton (leader) and Bobby Seale
Where did the black panther party start?
Oakland, CA
What was the result of Brown Vs. The board of education case?
It overturned the separate but equal doctrine formed by the Plessy vs Ferguson case.
What is the civil rights act of 1964?
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Ended racial segregation.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
How many times was the What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 amended?
5 times
What is section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It prohibits state and local government from enacting any law that could result in racial discrimination.
When was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference formed?
1957, after the Montgomery bus boycott.
What was the black power movement?
An unofficial movement starting in the 50’s encompassing malcom x and the nation of islam, the black panther party and the student nonviolent coordinating committee.
Who popularized the term “Black power” and the black power movement?
the student nonviolent coordinating committee.
Specifically its leader: Stokely Carmichal
How was the the student nonviolent coordinating committee founded?
Started in 1960 by Ella Baker at Shaw university. Got an 800$ grant from the southern christian leadership conference.
What did the student nonviolent coordinating committee do?
Participated in sit-ins, and freedom rides, voting rights, and marches.
What is a freedom rider?
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960),[1] which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.
What is a sit-in?
Where black people would sit on the white side in a segregated lunch counter or restaurant.
Who was Stokely Carmichael?
Was leader of the student nonviolent coordinating committee or (SNCC) and later “Honorary Prime Minister” of the Black Panther Party,
Where did the black panther symbol originate?
The Lowndes County Freedom Organization.
What was malcom x’s childhood like.
Family attacked by the kkk, grew up with his older sister raising him in Omaha, was involved in burglary
What did malcom x do in prison?
He read a lot and became educated then converted to islam and joined the nation of islam
Who lead the nation of islam?
Elijah Muhammad
When and where did the second revival of the kkk start?
founded in Atlanta, Georgia. Starting in 1915
What made the second kkk different?
It was much larger and targeted Catholics, immigrants and any non white people. It was a formal fraternal organization.
What important court case happened in 1970?
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
What was the swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg?
The NAACP sued the town of C-M on behalf of james swan and 9 other families.
What was the result of swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg?
The supreme court affirmed judge McMillan’s position that busing should be mandated.
What was anti-busing?
The resistance to the forced desegregation of schools through busing.
What did Nixon do in 1971?
Nixon advised federal officials to stop pressing forced busing to appease politicians in the south.
What happened with busing in boston?
A class action lawsuit in 1974 ended in a ruling that the local schools broke the equal protection clause. Schools forced to integrate.
Where did buses in boston go?
Buses traveled from white, south boston, Hyde park, and Dorchester to black Roxbury.
Where was the swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg case?
North Carolina
When and where were the three selma to montgomery marches?
In 1965 from Selma to Montgomery (the capital of Alabama.)
What did the three selma to montgomery marches protest?
They were protesting being deprived of fair voting rights even after the 1964 civil rights act.
Who ran the three selma to montgomery marches?
The Dallas County voters league, the Southern christian coordinating committee, and Martin Luther king Jr.
What was the response to the selma to montgomery marches from the local government?
The people marching were attacked by state troopers and local police.
What was the response to the selma to montgomery marches from the federal government?
On the third march after the state governor denied to protect the marchers the federal government protected the march with thousands of soldiers and police under federal command.
What tactics were most used in the south to prevent black people from voting?
Poll taxes and literacy tests.
How and when did Malcolm x die?
Assassins from the nation of Islam killed him in Harlem in 1965.
What are the biggest things Dr. Martin Luther king Jr organized?
- 1955 Montgomery bus boycott
- 1963 march on Washington
- 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
What was the The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)?
The organization was founded after rosa parks was arrested and lead the Montgomery bus boycott by providing alternative transportation during the long boycott.
When was the The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) formed?
1955
Why was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. chosen to lead the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)?
He was young, didn’t have enemies, and was college educated.
What were the demands of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)?
Good treatment by bus operators, first-come, first-served seating, and employment of African American bus drivers
What act of law did the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) not agree with?
The separate but equal doctrine approved by plessy vs Ferguson.
What was Brown 2?
In 1955 schools made arguments to be exempt from desegregating.
What was the result of brown 2?
The supreme court put district courts in charge of desegregating schools. It also said that this task had to be carried out “with all deliberate speed”
What was the negative side of brown 2?
The phrasing was unclear and allowed schools to slow down and resist desegregating in a number of ways.
What is ROAR?
(Restore Our Alienated Rights) An anti-desegregation busing organization formed in Boston, Massachusetts by Boston School Committee chairwoman Louise Day Hicks in 1974
List all the important events in order.
1896 Plessy vs Ferguson
- 1955 Montgomery bus boycott
- 1963 march on Washington
- 1964 civil rights act
- 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
- 1965 voting rights act
