Test #2 Flashcards
Of all the many peoples the French ruled in their imperial heyday, the Vietnamese were the feistiest and least willing to submit, argue Roskin and Berry.
TRUE
Dean Rusk’s view (secretary of state under Kennedy and Johnson) that the North Vietnamese were simply a branch of Communist China, serving as proxies for an expansionist China was correct.
FALSE
A scant four years after North Vietnam took over the South in the late 1970s, fighting broke out on the China-Vietnam border.
TRUE
After the Japanese surrender in 1945, President Roosevelt supported General de Gaulle’s effort to return control of Vietnam to France.
FALSE
When the French fell to the Vietminh in 1954 at Diembienphu, Eisenhower decided to help France with airpower, military hardware, and intelligence in a last ditch effort.
FALSE
Ho Chi Minh was deeply immersed in the tenants of communist ideology believing in its international orthodoxy
False
Ho Chi Minh fought alongside Americans against the Japanese during World War II providing the OSS with valuable information.
True
Ho Chi Minh was hated by the Vietnamese people and would have surely lost any election in the 1950s had the Geneva Accords been implemented.
False
Since the United States never signed the Geneva Accords with Vietnam, Dulles argued that America wasn’t bound by them, in response to the United States helping to try and maintain an independent South Vietnam.
TRUE
John F. Kennedy, as a young congressman, visited Vietnam and urged the U.S. to ally itself with the forces of nationalism and use them to beat communism.
TRUE
According to Roskin and Berry, had the Geneva Accords of 1954 been carried out, there would have been no South Vietnam.
TRUE
The crux of modern guerrilla warfare is psychological, not political, according to Roskin and Berry.
FALSE
In guerrilla warfare, the local guerrilla wins if he does not lose because time is on his side but the occupier loses if he doesn’t win altogether
TRUE
What did President Eisenhower mean when he used the metaphor, “falling dominoes?”
He used it to explain what would happen if one more country in Southeast Asia fell to the Communists,
According to Roskin and Berry, U.S. involvement in Vietnam becomes intelligible in the context of the following:
THE COLD WAR
Roskin and Berry argue that we would have “won” in Vietnam had we:
stayed out militarily and later signed trade agreements with a unified Vietnam
What do Vietnamese mean by moi in referring to the native peoples?
SAVAGES
According to Roskin and Berry, it was ironic that the Vietnamese accused the French of colonialism?
because the Vietnamese were fiercer colonialists than the French ever were.
What helped expand literacy and Catholicism in the early development of Vietnam?
A brilliant French priest devised an ingenious method by applying the tonal language to the Latin alphabet.
Semicolony with some internal autonomy:
PROTECTORATE
The generation that forgets what war is like is more inclined to engage in it.
FORGETTING THEORY
Why did Ho Chi Minh become a founding member of the French Communist Party in 1920?
b) Because the communists favored ending French colonialism unlike other groups,
How did Ho Chi Minh and the Indochinese Communists overcome their more moderate nationalist Vietnamese groups during the French colonial period?
By turning over list of names of non-communist political leaders of opposition Vietnamese groups to the French authorities.
Why did the U.S. believe that it could do better in Vietnam then the French before them?
a) The U.S. saw the French as demoralized losers, colonizers who could not win over a subject population
Ngo Dinh Diem was
c) an authentic Vietnamese nationalist and fanatical Catholic who looked down on Buddhists,
An ambitious program that herded Vietnamese farmers into fortified villages that would theoretically keep the Vietcong out:
STRATEGIC HAMLETS
Guerrilla warfare refers to
b) small units of irregulars behind enemy lines who use hit-and- run tactics to confuse and wear down the enemy,
According to Bernard Fall, in guerrilla warfare, “When the country is being subverted, it is not being outfought; it is being
OUT-ADMINISTERED
German sociologist Karl Mannheim argued that great events put their mark on an entire generation who carry the attitudes formed in their young adulthood all their lives. For example:
a) World War I produced a war-weary “_____ ___________” throughout Europe and the U.S.
b) The ______ ___________ produced people who forever craved ____ security and welfare measures.
c) ________ made many Americans cautious about any U. S. __________ intervention overseas.
German sociologist Karl Mannheim argued that great events put their mark on an entire generation who carry the attitudes formed in their young adulthood all their lives. For example:
a) World War I produced a war-weary “LOST GENERATION” throughout Europe and the U.S.
b) The GREAT DEPRESSION produced people who forever craved JOB security and welfare measures.
c) VIETNAM made many Americans cautious about any U. S. MILITARY intervention overseas.
What were some of the mistakes made by Ngo Dinh Diem that prevented him from consolidating and stabilizing the political situation in South Vietnam?
a) He ignored a program of reforms that the U.S. urged, including \_\_\_\_\_ reform, b) He ignored a centuries-old tradition of village \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by appointing as village headmen \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, c) He had a \_\_\_\_\_\_ personality who only trusted his own family and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was rife.
What were some of the mistakes made by Ngo Dinh Diem that prevented him from consolidating and stabilizing the political situation in South Vietnam?
a) He ignored a program of reforms that the U.S. urged, including LAND reform, b) He ignored a centuries-old tradition of village DEMOCRACY by appointing as village headmen OUTSIDERS, c) He had a RIGID personality who only trusted his own family and CORRUPTION was rife.
Kennedy’s decision to up the ante in Vietnam was based on several factors:
a) he was a vigorous young president who had campaigned at stopping the spread of communism in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_, b) Early in his presidency he went through the humiliating defeat of the Bay of \_\_\_\_\_. c) Kennedy had met with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna and exchanged \_\_\_\_\_\_ language about the spread of communism. d) Without U.S. help South Vietnam looked as if it would soon fall and that would wreck Kennedy's chances for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in 1964.
Kennedy’s decision to up the ante in Vietnam was based on several factors:
a) he was a vigorous young president who had campaigned at stopping the spread of communism in the THIRD WORLD, b) Early in his presidency he went through the humiliating defeat of the Bay of PIGS. c) Kennedy had met with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna and exchanged BLUNT language about the spread of communism. d) Without U.S. help South Vietnam looked as if it would soon fall and that would wreck Kennedy's chances for REELECTION in 1964.
Reasonable people can look at the same situation and come to very different conclusions.
TRUE
According to Kelleher and Klein, ethnicity, class, religion, and region influence the learning of values and manners of thinking.
TRUE
According to Kelleher and Klein, development projects in Brazil and Indonesia cannot affect the world’s climate
FALSE
The global primacy perspective view isolated cultures to be less significant and such cultures must change to become significant.
TRUE
Societies or ethnicities based on hunting, tribal, or primitive state organizations are to be respected by the global primacy perspective.
FALSE
Acculturation requires that the individual entirely give up his/her original culture.
FALSE
According to Kelleher and Klein, family organizations, art, religion, which do not (in theory) impede modernization, need not to be changed for acculturation to succeed.
TRUE
The late Pope John Paul II supported the incorporation of traditional religions into Catholicism to make the transition easier for indigenous peoples
FALSE
According to Kelleher and Klein, People who perceive the division of the world into specific political or economic entities as outmoded, embrace the concept of
GLOBAL PRIMACY
Those that embrace global primacy have the hope that encouraging its further development will result in:
c) increasing the possibility of peaceful prosperity where people share in a universal human rights,
A modern version of a Social Darwinism argues that keeping isolated, primitive cultures are condemning individuals to primitive, difficult lives
GLOBAL PRIMACY
The following theory evoked the concept of the “survival of the fittest” applying it to cultural evolution:
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Advocates of colonial states argue that over time, people will ultimately give up the customs of an inferior culture to become members of a superior one:
ASSIMILATION
The destruction of a culture
ETHNOCIDE
The idea that “primitive” people are capable of being educated and of becoming a part of the modern world is a:
LIBERAL NOTION
The following promotes the idea that the U.S. is welcoming immigrants but these same immigrants must give up their old culture and adopt the “American culture:”
MELTING POT
The following holds that individuals will modify their cultural upbringing in order to adapt to a new culture without giving up their old culture entirely
ACCULTURATION
. The following refers to the mixing of cultural ideas from different sources in order to create a new reality
SYNCRETISM
Unlike the United States, Russia was open to easy invasion from both the east and the west because it had no natural borders
TRUE
To Russians, Ivan IV’s “terribleness” was based on a horrible characteristic that the country could not tolerate.
FALSE
According to Roskin and Berry, there has been a constant to Russian/Soviet geopolitics; that is, to secure, year-round access to the high seas by acquiring a warm-water port.
TRUE
The study of the effects of geography on international politics sprang up only recently, during the past decade
FALSE
Had the Germans not been defeated during World War I, Russia would have been dismembered as a result of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.
TRUE
. In the fifteenth century the Duke of Moscovy pushed back the Tartars and built a new Russian state:
IVAN III
Why did Russia fight ten wars over two centuries with the Ottoman Empire?
) To secure the Turkish Straits for unhindered Russian sea traffic from the Black Sea.
When compared with the United States which lost half a million people during World War II, how many citizens did the Soviet Union lose during the same war?
C) 26 MILLION
The Nazis followed a nutty geopolitics called “Lebensraum” that meant
LIVING SPACE
. Refers to the elected legislature in tsarist Russia:
THE DUMA
Why did Alexander Kerensky and his 1917 Provisional Government keep Russia in World War I knowing that his disintegrating country was in no position to continue fighting against Germany?
d) Kerensky was a man of honor not wanting to betray his Western allies.
. In November 1917, his Bolsheviks seized power, shot the tsar and his family, and began negotiations with Germany to take Russia out of the war:
VLADIMIR LENIN
In the early 18th century, Peter the Great inherited a landlocked and backward Russia and strove mightily to overcome both weaknesses.
a) He pushed back the \_\_\_\_\_\_ to gain access to the Black Sea b) and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to gain his "window to the west" on the Baltic, where he built a magnificent new capital, St. Petersburg. c) Peter was the first tsar to \_\_\_\_\_ West Europe, d) Peter set a pattern by importing Western technology and forced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from the top down.
In the early 18th century, Peter the Great inherited a landlocked and backward Russia and strove mightily to overcome both weaknesses.
a) He pushed back the TURKS to gain access to the Black Sea b) and the SWEDES to gain his "window to the west" on the Baltic, where he built a magnificent new capital, St. Petersburg. c) Peter was the first tsar to TOUR West Europe, d) Peter set a pattern by importing Western technology and forced MODERNIZATION from the top down.
To think geopolitically, you must ask the following questions:
a) Should I \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ my territory or just \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ what I have? b) What is the \_\_\_\_\_\_ of another area in terms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, industry, trade, protection from invasion, or a base for extending influence? c) How \_\_\_\_\_ would it be to take and hold this area? d) If I don’t \_\_\_\_\_ this area, who else might?
To think geopolitically, you must ask the following questions:
a) Should I EXPAND my territory or just PROTECT what I have? b) What is the VALUE of another area in terms of NATURAL RESOURCES, industry, trade, protection from invasion, or a base for extending influence? c) How EASY would it be to take and hold this area? d) If I don’t TAKE this area, who else might?
What were the two mistakes that the Bolsheviks made in taking Russia out of World War I?
a) Lenin developed an ideology that revolution might begin in Russia but would soon sweep over the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ world, which did not materialize. b) Lenin also believed that the German's would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in their peace demands since the Bolshevik leader was taking Russia out of the war. c) The Germans demanded large areas of western Russia and an independent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
What were the two mistakes that the Bolsheviks made in taking Russia out of World War I?
a) Lenin developed an ideology that revolution might begin in Russia but would soon sweep over the INDUSTRIALIZED world, which did not materialize. b) Lenin also believed that the German's would be LENIENT in their peace demands since the Bolshevik leader was taking Russia out of the war. c) The Germans demanded large areas of western Russia and an independent UKRAINE.
Industrial development requires substantial economic growth for several years.
TRUE
According to Kelleher, goods such as food, clothing and cars are capital
FALSE
The problems in low-income economies are interrelated but not structural.
FALSE
Kelleher and Klein believe that a strong case can be made that global European domination contributed to the deeply entrenched dual economies of the developing world.
TRUE
The United States is not perceived as part of the “imperialist” tradition because it was once a colony of Great Britain.
FALSE
Colonial regimes superimposed a new elite whereby some members of the indigenous population learned the languages, mastered the management and communicative skills for today’s international system
FALSE
Today, many developing countries earn a large percentage of their international trade income by selling the cash crops introduced during colonial rule.
TRUE
A “modern” elite, comprised of people who live a consumer lifestyle while the vast majority of the population live in poverty:
DUAL ECONOMY
People produce enough to live on without machinery and very little else:
SUBSISTENCE
The output of goods and services in relation to the number of hours used to produce them:
PRODUCTIVITY
When an economy produces goods and services that are fully consumed with little to no savings or surpluses generated necessary for future capital investments
LOW PRODUCTIVITY
According to Kelleher and Klein, countries that have increased their per capita incomes had growth rates over a 5 to 10 year period amounting to:
c) 7% to sometimes 14%,
. Factories, farms, roads, railroads, telecommunication systems are referred to as
PHYSICAL WEALTH
Schools, universities, clinics, and hospitals are referred to as:
HUMAN CAPITAL
According to Kelleher and Klein, what is the minimum threshold level to achieve substantial growth for development for both low-and-middle income countries?
7% OVER MULTIPLE YEARS
When it became the dominant imperial power in Egypt, why did Britain dismantle the local textile industry?
b) It was a threat to British market global dominance,
Colonizers in the developing world introduced new crops primarily for:
IMPROVED EFFICIENCY
When referring the cash crops, economists refer to goods that are traded but unprocessed and in their natural state as:
PRIMARY COMMODITIES
. Why is it a problem for a developing country to limit its exports to unprocessed products and import much of its manufactured goods?
b) Because deficits arise based on the disproportionate income received from exporting primarily unprocessed products compared with manufactured goods
What are the 4 interrelated factors, mutually reinforcing that inhibit economic growth in low-income and some middle-income countries, according to Kelleher and Klein?
a) \_\_\_\_\_ economy, b) low \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, c) insufficient \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, d) few \_\_\_\_\_\_ resources.
What are the 4 interrelated factors, mutually reinforcing that inhibit economic growth in low-income and some middle-income countries, according to Kelleher and Klein?
a) DUAL economy, b) low PRODUCTIVITY, c) insufficient CAPITAL, d) few HUMAN resources.
When President Johnson decided to escalate the war in Vietnam, he leveled with the American people, pointing out how national security would be compromised if the spread of communism was not stopped
FALSE
Lyndon Johnson minimized the Vietnam issue during the 1964 election sweeping all but 6 states while the President’s staff developed plans to escalate the war
TRUE
From the beginning of the expanded introduction of American military forces in Vietnam in 1965, public opinion overwhelmingly opposed it.
FALSE
Ironically, as vice president, Nixon had favored U.S. military help for the French in 1954 when Johnson had opposed it.
TRUE
The Tet offensive of February 1968, was both a military and psychological victory for North Vietnam
FALSE
Other Afghan ethnic groups in Afghanistan do not wish to live under a regime of Pashtun religious fanatics.
TRUE
The U.S. Congress never officially declared war against Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq
TRUE
The key difference among the three wars in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq involved international support among our allies. In Vietnam the U.S. had it but in the latter two wars it did not.
TRUE
On paper, Saigon’s military, the ARVN actually had far more soldiers and equipment than the NVA when the U.S. concluded a peace settlement with North Vietnam in 1973.
TRUE
The Vietnamese Communists have refused to compromise their ideology and have followed the model formulated by Cuba and North Korea—no free markets.
FALSE
The Vietcong did not know or care about Marx or Lenin; they were fighting to get the foreigners out of their country, whether it was the Japanese, the French or the Americans. This is the power of nationalism.
TRUE
If a goal, however moral, is infeasible, trying to attain it by brute strength leads to immorality, one of the most important lessons of Vietnam.
TRUE
According to Roskin and Berry, brute strength is the only lesson that can be taken away from the failures in South Vietnam. Had the U.S. simply let the military do its job free of civilian interference, the Communists would have been destroyed.
FALSE
The following documents show conclusively that President Johnson and his administration planned to expand the war in Vietnam while they were denying such plans to the public:
PENTAGON PAPERS
What were the two U.S. destroyers doing off the coast of North Vietnam that led to the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?
d) the destroyers were on a secret war mission to back up South Vietnamese vessels that were raiding the North Vietnamese coast.
According to Roskin and Berry, how many American soldiers lost their lives in Vietnam?
60,000
How many Vietnamese lost their lives in Vietnam?
AN ESTIMATED 1.1 MILLION
In 1967, a State Department lawyer told Congress that the Tonkin Gulf Resolution was:
THE FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT OF A DECLARATION OF WAR
Tet refers to the following
VIETNAMESE LUNAR NEW YEAR
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam that the U.S. helped train and equip was:
NEVER MUCH GOOD AT ANYTHING WITH LOW MORALE AND LEADERS SELECTED BASED ON FAMILY AND PERSONAL CONNECTIONS.
Vietnam reformers liberalized and welcomed foreign investment in the mid-1990s and in the 2000s America’s former adversary has had economic growth rates of:
8%
The Roman historian Tacitus showed some guilt over what Rome had done during its conquest and subjugation of:
ENGLAND
What were some of the joint resolutions passed by Congress in an effort to deal with communist aggression?
a) In 1955 to keep Communist China from taking \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, b) In 1957 to block Soviet expansion in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, c) In 1962 to make the Soviets back down during the \_\_\_\_\_\_ missile crisis, d) and 1962 to prevent a Soviet takeover of \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
What were some of the joint resolutions passed by Congress in an effort to deal with communist aggression?
a) In 1955 to keep Communist China from taking TAIWAN, b) In 1957 to block Soviet expansion in the MIDDLE EAST, c) In 1962 to make the Soviets back down during the CUBAN missile crisis, d) and 1962 to prevent a Soviet takeover oF WEST BERLIN.
What are some of the major differences in the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam?
a) the terrains were vastly different. Vietnam is mainly _______; Iraq is mainly dessert; Afghanistan is mainly rugged __________ that favors insurgents.
b) the Vietnam War used _______ draftees but no reservists; Iraq used no draftees but many reservists; Afghanistan uses some reservists.
c) All three wars were fought at least partly by ___________, but the Communists in Vietnam were united and under Hanoi’s central control. Iraqi and Afghan insurgents, drawn from _______, are ___________ with no one in overall control.
What are some of the major differences in the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam?
a) the terrains were vastly different. Vietnam is mainly JUNGLES; Iraq is mainly dessert; Afghanistan is mainly rugged MOUNTAINS that favors insurgents.
b) the Vietnam War used MOSTLY draftees but no reservists; Iraq used no draftees but many reservists; Afghanistan uses some reservists.
c) All three wars were fought at least partly by GUERILLAS, but the Communists in Vietnam were united and under Hanoi’s central control. Iraqi and Afghan insurgents, drawn from SUNNIS, are FRAGMENTEDwith no one in overall control.
. What are some of the lessons of Vietnam, cited by Roskin and Berry?
a) Form your national interests ___________, with an eye to feasibility, flexibility, and long-term outcomes.
b. Pick the ___________ you wish to help very carefully. Make sure it is incorrupt and popular.
c. Do not help too much. People have to fight for their own freedom. If we do the fighting for them, they become dependent, demoralized, and resentful. The more ______ you give them, the more ________ they become.
d. Issue no ______ to local citizens. Make it clear that the United States is not an escape hatch. If they lose, they will have to live under a brutal regime.
e. Make sure local ____________ is on your side, that the enemy has not captured it. If you look like foreign occupiers, you have no chance.
. What are some of the lessons of Vietnam, cited by Roskin and Berry?
a) Form your national interests CAUTIOUSLY, with an eye to feasibility, flexibility, and long-term outcomes.
b. Pick the GOVERNMENT you wish to help very carefully. Make sure it is incorrupt and popular.
c. Do not help too much. People have to fight for their own freedom. If we do the fighting for them, they become dependent, demoralized, and resentful. The more MONEY you give them, the more CORRUPT they become.
d. Issue no VISAS to local citizens. Make it clear that the United States is not an escape hatch. If they lose, they will have to live under a brutal regime.
e. Make sure local NATIONALISM is on your side, that the enemy has not captured it. If you look like foreign occupiers, you have no chance.
According to Thomas Aquinas, what is a “just war?”
a) It aimed at defending and reestablishing \_\_\_\_\_\_, b) The cause itself was \_\_\_\_\_, c) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ were not harmed, d) The means used were \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to its ends.
According to Thomas Aquinas, what is a “just war?”
a) It aimed at defending and reestablishing PEACE b) The cause itself was JUST, c) NONCOMBOTANTS were not harmed, d) The means used were PROPORTIONAL to its ends.
The state primacy perspective of the world defines the superiority of types of systems.
FALSE
The state primacy perspective argues for universal similarity in cultures and centralized power among states
FALSE
From the state primacy perspective there is no inherent evil in the multiethnic state as long as state identity takes priority over ethnic identities.
TRUE
History does not provide many instances where wars were fought primarily on ethnic grounds; therefore, state primacy advocates have little to be concerned about the rise of ethnic pride.
FALSE
According to Kelleher and Klein, the fact is, members of an elite group in the state tend to be composed of individuals of similar ethnic backgrounds, a circumstance that is unimportant when it comes to state security.
TRUE
The placing of one’s primary loyalty in the state:
PATROITISM
During World War II, the U.S. military benefited by using the following language in code when sending classified messages preventing German code breakers from deciphering it:
NATIVE AMERICANS
Advocates of the state primacy point of view would likely:
HAVE A GREAT DISTRUST OF THOSE THAT EMPHASIZE CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND ETHNIC MAINTENANCE
Taking a superior position over others and trying to control their actions based on the assumption that “it is for their own good:”
PATERNALISM
Unlike the intelligence apparatus in Washington D.C., the majority of the academic community predicted the demise of the Soviet Union.
FALSE
At the 1956 party Congress, Khrushchev’s speech denouncing the crimes of Stalin had a significant effect domestically but had little to no effect internationally
FALSE
The Sino-Soviet split helped drive China toward the United States.
TRUE
According to Kissinger, the insecurities of revolutionary states naturally fuels expansionist tendencies.
TRUE
Although Brezhnev swore he would never give up the broad belt from the Baltic through the Balkans that served as Russia’s defensive shield, from the beginning Gorbachev said he would.
FALSE
Soviet citizens had a higher standard of living then most of their satellite central European neighbors.
TRUE
During the Cold War, most East Europeans disliked communism and accorded their regimes little legitimacy.
TRUE
When the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957, John Kennedy tried to allay the fears of the American public by arguing that the U.S. was far and away superior to the USSR in every major technological, economic and political area.
TRUE
The Cuban Missile Crisis did hurt Khrushchev in Kremlin politics and two years later he was removed from office.
TRUE
In spite of the problems of domestic politics at home for President Nixon in 1973, the chief executive signed a treaty limiting missiles called SALT I and encouraged trade with the Soviet Union.
TRUE
When evaluating the pecking order of nation-states, the tendency to see the enemy stronger then it is:
WORST-CASING
How did Mao Zedong react to Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin?
Mao believed that Khrushchev had damaged world Communism and was upset about not being consulted,
What does “revisionist” mean among Communist ideologues?
IT IS A DERAGOTARY WORD FOR DEVIATING FROM THE “PROPER” COMMUNIST PATH
The Soviet Union’s loss of China as a valued and ideological ally:
CONTRIBUTED TO THE DECLINE OF COMMUNISM AS A GLOBAL FORCE
According to Kissinger, the only way that revolutionary states can assuage their insecurities is by
CRUSHING ALL ITS NEIGHBORS
Holding sway over other lands from the Greek “to lead:”
HEGEMONY
Countries are driven to practice hegemony
BY THE FEAR OF BEING MADE VULNURABLE
The contingent necessity argument in the area of foreign affairs refers to:
IF YOU DONT TAKE IT, SOMEONE ELSE WILL
The trouble with hegemony is that
THE UNDERDOG COUNTRIES ARE UNRELIABLE PARTNERS
How did the Kremlin hope to fix the imbalance of surging American nuclear missiles in the early 1960s?
PUT SOME MISSILES IN CUBA
What strategy did Kennedy apply for successfully forcing Moscow’s to remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba?
HE INNITIATED A NAVAL BLOCKADE
What was the primary reason why the Soviets went into Afghanistan?
AFGHANISTAN HAS A LARGE AMOUNT OF OIL,NICKEL AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES
Mujahedin refers to
MUSLIM HOLY WARRIORS
The Soviet Union was declining at an accelerating rate based on the following conditions:
a) Its army devoured \_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the economy. b) Its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drained it in subsidies. c) Its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fell further behind every decade. d) Chronic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ produced massive discontent. e) Hatred fumed among Soviet \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The Soviet Union was declining at an accelerating rate based on the following conditions:
a) Its army devoured ONE-QUARTER of the economy. b) Its EMPIRE drained it in subsidies. c) Its TECHNOLOGY fell further behind every decade. d) Chronic SHORTAGE produced massive discontent. e) Hatred fumed among Soviet NATIONALATIES.
Decades later what was learned about the Cuban Missile Crisis?
a) The Soviets had some three \_\_\_\_\_\_ nuclear warheads in Cuba, b) If the U.S. had \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the Soviets would have used them. c) The U.S. would have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ would have started.
Decades later what was learned about the Cuban Missile Crisis?
a) The Soviets had some three DOZEN nuclear warheads in Cuba, b) If the U.S. had INVADED the Soviets would have used them. c) The U.S. would have GONE/INVADED and WORLD WAR 2/3? would have started.
In classic diplomacy:
a) the first step away from tension was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. b) If the process goes further, the two countries achieve a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, French for approaching each other to establish reasonable relations. c) If that worked then the next step is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is a mutual understanding of who had what turf. d) Then the next step is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a term that became a swear word after Chamberlain tried to appease Hitler. e) An finally, an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a pact to help countries defend each other.
In classic diplomacy:
a) the first step away from tension was DETENTE. b) If the process goes further, the two countries achieve a REAPPROACHMENT, French for approaching each other to establish reasonable relations. c) If that worked then the next step is ENTENTE, which is a mutual understanding of who had what turf. d) Then the next step is APPEASEMENT, a term that became a swear word after Chamberlain tried to appease Hitler. e) An finally, an ALLIANCE, a pact to help countries defend each other.
