Test #2 Flashcards
Of all the many peoples the French ruled in their imperial heyday, the Vietnamese were the feistiest and least willing to submit, argue Roskin and Berry.
TRUE
Dean Rusk’s view (secretary of state under Kennedy and Johnson) that the North Vietnamese were simply a branch of Communist China, serving as proxies for an expansionist China was correct.
FALSE
A scant four years after North Vietnam took over the South in the late 1970s, fighting broke out on the China-Vietnam border.
TRUE
After the Japanese surrender in 1945, President Roosevelt supported General de Gaulle’s effort to return control of Vietnam to France.
FALSE
When the French fell to the Vietminh in 1954 at Diembienphu, Eisenhower decided to help France with airpower, military hardware, and intelligence in a last ditch effort.
FALSE
Ho Chi Minh was deeply immersed in the tenants of communist ideology believing in its international orthodoxy
False
Ho Chi Minh fought alongside Americans against the Japanese during World War II providing the OSS with valuable information.
True
Ho Chi Minh was hated by the Vietnamese people and would have surely lost any election in the 1950s had the Geneva Accords been implemented.
False
Since the United States never signed the Geneva Accords with Vietnam, Dulles argued that America wasn’t bound by them, in response to the United States helping to try and maintain an independent South Vietnam.
TRUE
John F. Kennedy, as a young congressman, visited Vietnam and urged the U.S. to ally itself with the forces of nationalism and use them to beat communism.
TRUE
According to Roskin and Berry, had the Geneva Accords of 1954 been carried out, there would have been no South Vietnam.
TRUE
The crux of modern guerrilla warfare is psychological, not political, according to Roskin and Berry.
FALSE
In guerrilla warfare, the local guerrilla wins if he does not lose because time is on his side but the occupier loses if he doesn’t win altogether
TRUE
What did President Eisenhower mean when he used the metaphor, “falling dominoes?”
He used it to explain what would happen if one more country in Southeast Asia fell to the Communists,
According to Roskin and Berry, U.S. involvement in Vietnam becomes intelligible in the context of the following:
THE COLD WAR
Roskin and Berry argue that we would have “won” in Vietnam had we:
stayed out militarily and later signed trade agreements with a unified Vietnam
What do Vietnamese mean by moi in referring to the native peoples?
SAVAGES
According to Roskin and Berry, it was ironic that the Vietnamese accused the French of colonialism?
because the Vietnamese were fiercer colonialists than the French ever were.
What helped expand literacy and Catholicism in the early development of Vietnam?
A brilliant French priest devised an ingenious method by applying the tonal language to the Latin alphabet.
Semicolony with some internal autonomy:
PROTECTORATE
The generation that forgets what war is like is more inclined to engage in it.
FORGETTING THEORY
Why did Ho Chi Minh become a founding member of the French Communist Party in 1920?
b) Because the communists favored ending French colonialism unlike other groups,
How did Ho Chi Minh and the Indochinese Communists overcome their more moderate nationalist Vietnamese groups during the French colonial period?
By turning over list of names of non-communist political leaders of opposition Vietnamese groups to the French authorities.
Why did the U.S. believe that it could do better in Vietnam then the French before them?
a) The U.S. saw the French as demoralized losers, colonizers who could not win over a subject population
Ngo Dinh Diem was
c) an authentic Vietnamese nationalist and fanatical Catholic who looked down on Buddhists,
An ambitious program that herded Vietnamese farmers into fortified villages that would theoretically keep the Vietcong out:
STRATEGIC HAMLETS
Guerrilla warfare refers to
b) small units of irregulars behind enemy lines who use hit-and- run tactics to confuse and wear down the enemy,
According to Bernard Fall, in guerrilla warfare, “When the country is being subverted, it is not being outfought; it is being
OUT-ADMINISTERED
German sociologist Karl Mannheim argued that great events put their mark on an entire generation who carry the attitudes formed in their young adulthood all their lives. For example:
a) World War I produced a war-weary “_____ ___________” throughout Europe and the U.S.
b) The ______ ___________ produced people who forever craved ____ security and welfare measures.
c) ________ made many Americans cautious about any U. S. __________ intervention overseas.
German sociologist Karl Mannheim argued that great events put their mark on an entire generation who carry the attitudes formed in their young adulthood all their lives. For example:
a) World War I produced a war-weary “LOST GENERATION” throughout Europe and the U.S.
b) The GREAT DEPRESSION produced people who forever craved JOB security and welfare measures.
c) VIETNAM made many Americans cautious about any U. S. MILITARY intervention overseas.
What were some of the mistakes made by Ngo Dinh Diem that prevented him from consolidating and stabilizing the political situation in South Vietnam?
a) He ignored a program of reforms that the U.S. urged, including \_\_\_\_\_ reform, b) He ignored a centuries-old tradition of village \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by appointing as village headmen \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, c) He had a \_\_\_\_\_\_ personality who only trusted his own family and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was rife.
What were some of the mistakes made by Ngo Dinh Diem that prevented him from consolidating and stabilizing the political situation in South Vietnam?
a) He ignored a program of reforms that the U.S. urged, including LAND reform, b) He ignored a centuries-old tradition of village DEMOCRACY by appointing as village headmen OUTSIDERS, c) He had a RIGID personality who only trusted his own family and CORRUPTION was rife.
Kennedy’s decision to up the ante in Vietnam was based on several factors:
a) he was a vigorous young president who had campaigned at stopping the spread of communism in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_, b) Early in his presidency he went through the humiliating defeat of the Bay of \_\_\_\_\_. c) Kennedy had met with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna and exchanged \_\_\_\_\_\_ language about the spread of communism. d) Without U.S. help South Vietnam looked as if it would soon fall and that would wreck Kennedy's chances for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in 1964.
Kennedy’s decision to up the ante in Vietnam was based on several factors:
a) he was a vigorous young president who had campaigned at stopping the spread of communism in the THIRD WORLD, b) Early in his presidency he went through the humiliating defeat of the Bay of PIGS. c) Kennedy had met with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna and exchanged BLUNT language about the spread of communism. d) Without U.S. help South Vietnam looked as if it would soon fall and that would wreck Kennedy's chances for REELECTION in 1964.
Reasonable people can look at the same situation and come to very different conclusions.
TRUE
According to Kelleher and Klein, ethnicity, class, religion, and region influence the learning of values and manners of thinking.
TRUE
According to Kelleher and Klein, development projects in Brazil and Indonesia cannot affect the world’s climate
FALSE
The global primacy perspective view isolated cultures to be less significant and such cultures must change to become significant.
TRUE
Societies or ethnicities based on hunting, tribal, or primitive state organizations are to be respected by the global primacy perspective.
FALSE
Acculturation requires that the individual entirely give up his/her original culture.
FALSE
According to Kelleher and Klein, family organizations, art, religion, which do not (in theory) impede modernization, need not to be changed for acculturation to succeed.
TRUE
The late Pope John Paul II supported the incorporation of traditional religions into Catholicism to make the transition easier for indigenous peoples
FALSE
According to Kelleher and Klein, People who perceive the division of the world into specific political or economic entities as outmoded, embrace the concept of
GLOBAL PRIMACY
Those that embrace global primacy have the hope that encouraging its further development will result in:
c) increasing the possibility of peaceful prosperity where people share in a universal human rights,
A modern version of a Social Darwinism argues that keeping isolated, primitive cultures are condemning individuals to primitive, difficult lives
GLOBAL PRIMACY
The following theory evoked the concept of the “survival of the fittest” applying it to cultural evolution:
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Advocates of colonial states argue that over time, people will ultimately give up the customs of an inferior culture to become members of a superior one:
ASSIMILATION
The destruction of a culture
ETHNOCIDE
The idea that “primitive” people are capable of being educated and of becoming a part of the modern world is a:
LIBERAL NOTION
The following promotes the idea that the U.S. is welcoming immigrants but these same immigrants must give up their old culture and adopt the “American culture:”
MELTING POT
The following holds that individuals will modify their cultural upbringing in order to adapt to a new culture without giving up their old culture entirely
ACCULTURATION
. The following refers to the mixing of cultural ideas from different sources in order to create a new reality
SYNCRETISM
Unlike the United States, Russia was open to easy invasion from both the east and the west because it had no natural borders
TRUE
To Russians, Ivan IV’s “terribleness” was based on a horrible characteristic that the country could not tolerate.
FALSE
According to Roskin and Berry, there has been a constant to Russian/Soviet geopolitics; that is, to secure, year-round access to the high seas by acquiring a warm-water port.
TRUE
The study of the effects of geography on international politics sprang up only recently, during the past decade
FALSE
Had the Germans not been defeated during World War I, Russia would have been dismembered as a result of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.
TRUE
. In the fifteenth century the Duke of Moscovy pushed back the Tartars and built a new Russian state:
IVAN III
Why did Russia fight ten wars over two centuries with the Ottoman Empire?
) To secure the Turkish Straits for unhindered Russian sea traffic from the Black Sea.
When compared with the United States which lost half a million people during World War II, how many citizens did the Soviet Union lose during the same war?
C) 26 MILLION
The Nazis followed a nutty geopolitics called “Lebensraum” that meant
LIVING SPACE
