Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Boniface VIII
A
- defeated English and French taxation in 1296,
- published Unam Sanctam in 1302,
- produced Babylonian captivity which led to the Great Schism
2
Q
Great Schism
A
¬involved dual papacy in Avignon and Rome,
- produced conciliarism and promoted anticlericalism (no church involvement in secular affairs),
- asserted the state as primary guarantor of peace in Christendom
3
Q
Waldensians
A
- Peter Waldo,
- promoted apostolic poverty (proper management of church finances),
- adopted Scriptura Sola (scriptures sole authority), -practiced adult baptism,
- declared heretical in 1215.
4
Q
Scriptura Sola
A
- scriptures as the sole authority
- advocated lay access to vernacular scriptures
5
Q
John Wycliffe
A
- priest who directed the translation of Vulgate into middle English,
- promoted anticlericalism (no church involvement in secular affairs),
- practiced Christian humanism,
- influenced Lollards,
- burned in 1417 by order of Council of Constance
6
Q
Erasmus
A
- “prince of humanists,”
- found little to no biblical foundation for existing doctrines, -promoted simply and humble church,
- wrote In Praise of Folly 1506 and Julius Excluded From Heaven 1514 which questioned papal authority and infallibility.
7
Q
Thomas More
A
- royal advisor and chancellor to Henry VIII
- wrote Utopia 1516
- played major role in early stages of English Ref
8
Q
Indulgence Controversy
A
- sparked Luther’s desire for reform,
- offended by sale of indulgences in Germany 1414,
- denounced indulgences in 95 theses 1517,
9
Q
95 Theses
A
- written and posted on church in Wittenberg by Martin Luther,
- argued against indulgences and salvation for purchase, October 31, 1517
10
Q
Leipzig Debate
A
disputation between luther and eck regarding doctrines of free will and grace
11
Q
Priesthood of all believers
A
- god is accessible to faithful,
- everyone has potential to minister
12
Q
Henry VIII
A
- rebuked Luther for Babylonian Captivity of the Church,
- and wrote Defense of the Seven Sacraments,
- married Catherine of Aragon
13
Q
Diet of Worms
A
- to deal with Luther,
- convened by Charles V,
- exiled Luther to incognito life at Wartburg
14
Q
Philip Melanchthon
A
- Lutheran deputy who expelled radical Protestants from movement,
- first systematic theologian of Protestant Reformation,
- primary co-founder of Lutheranism
15
Q
Peasants revolt 1525
A
- attacked by Luther wrote “Against the Murdering and Thieving Horde of Peasants”,
- tied new movement to the state
16
Q
Ulrich Zwingli
A
- launched Swiss Reformation,
- disputed Sixty-seven Articles 1523,
- translated Erasmian Latin Bible into vernacular, -defended infant baptism,
- killed at battle of Kappel
17
Q
Colloquoy of Marburg
A
- attended by Zwingli and Luther,
- convened by Philip I to unify Protestants,
- agreed on trinity, nature of Christ, and baptism,
- disagreed on Lord’s Supper
18
Q
Mary I
A
- daughter of Catherine of Aragon,
- bloody Mary by executing 300+ Protestant leaders,
- wanted to restore Catholic doctrine,
- -married Philip II
19
Q
Elizabeth I
A
- most popular English monarch,
- “Good Queen Bess,”
- “Elizabethan Compromise” need for religious unity
20
Q
Oliver Cromwell
A
- “Old Ironsides,”
- Puritan and military leader created “New Model Army,”
- rejected Charles which led to renewal of civil war and surrender 1648,
- tried Charles for treason
21
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
- wrote Leviathan 1651,
- reflected Augustinian view of human nature – sinful,
- defined human nature as self-preservation,
- proposed absolutism (autocracy) to restrain human nature
22
Q
Louis XIV
A
constructed the Versailles palace as royal residence
23
Q
Mercantilism
A
- intended to enhance state’s wealth to support expansionism,
- counterpart of absolutism,
- developed by finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert
24
Q
Pleasure-pain Principle
A
rational human nature, driving satisfaction of basic needs
25
Q
Glorious Revolution
A
- reflected Lockean ideas,
- resisted James II,
- produced Convention Parliament ,
- promulgated Bill of Rights 1689
26
Q
Bill of Rights 1689
A
- new unwritten contract,
- established parliament as paramount constitutional branch,
- prohibited taxes without parliamentary consent,
- established due process and right to trial by jury
27
Q
Adam Smith
A
- wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of the Nations 1776, which was derived from Physiocrats 1750s,
- promoted progressive income and prop tax, developed minimum wage,
- “happy worker is more productive”
28
Q
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A
- wrote Second Discourse on the Inequality of Man 1755 which asserted that survival required cooperation,
- human nature produced compassion,
- wrote Third Discourse on Political Economy 1755 which promoted popular sovereign and proposed progressive tax system
29
Q
Deism
A
- rational religion,
- believes in remote supreme being who allows free will,
- non-dogmatic morality,
- rejected organized religion,
- rejected miracles and Christ’s divinity as irrational
30
Q
Voltaire
A
wrote Essay on Toleration 1763
31
Q
Divine right rule
A
doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God
32
Q
Natural Law
A
– system of law determined by nature, universal, instincts of self-preservation
