Test 2

Question 1

Boniface VIII

Answer 1

• defeated English and French taxation in 1296,
• published Unam Sanctam in 1302,
• produced Babylonian captivity which led to the Great Schism

Question 2

Great Schism

Answer 2

¬involved dual papacy in Avignon and Rome,

• produced conciliarism and promoted anticlericalism (no church involvement in secular affairs),
• asserted the state as primary guarantor of peace in Christendom

Question 3

Waldensians

Answer 3

• Peter Waldo,
• promoted apostolic poverty (proper management of church finances),
• adopted Scriptura Sola (scriptures sole authority), -practiced adult baptism,
• declared heretical in 1215.

Question 4

Scriptura Sola

Answer 4

• scriptures as the sole authority

- advocated lay access to vernacular scriptures

Question 5

John Wycliffe

Answer 5

• priest who directed the translation of Vulgate into middle English,
• promoted anticlericalism (no church involvement in secular affairs),
• practiced Christian humanism,
• influenced Lollards,
• burned in 1417 by order of Council of Constance

Question 6

Erasmus

Answer 6

• “prince of humanists,”
• found little to no biblical foundation for existing doctrines, -promoted simply and humble church,
• wrote In Praise of Folly 1506 and Julius Excluded From Heaven 1514 which questioned papal authority and infallibility.

Question 7

Thomas More

Answer 7

• royal advisor and chancellor to Henry VIII
• wrote Utopia 1516
• played major role in early stages of English Ref

Question 8

Indulgence Controversy

Answer 8

• sparked Luther’s desire for reform,
• offended by sale of indulgences in Germany 1414,
• denounced indulgences in 95 theses 1517,

Question 9

95 Theses

Answer 9

• written and posted on church in Wittenberg by Martin Luther,
• argued against indulgences and salvation for purchase, October 31, 1517

Question 10

Leipzig Debate

Answer 10

disputation between luther and eck regarding doctrines of free will and grace

Question 11

Priesthood of all believers

Answer 11

• god is accessible to faithful,

- everyone has potential to minister

Question 12

Henry VIII

Answer 12

• rebuked Luther for Babylonian Captivity of the Church,
• and wrote Defense of the Seven Sacraments,
• married Catherine of Aragon

Question 13

Diet of Worms

Answer 13

• to deal with Luther,
• convened by Charles V,
• exiled Luther to incognito life at Wartburg

Question 14

Philip Melanchthon

Answer 14

• Lutheran deputy who expelled radical Protestants from movement,
• first systematic theologian of Protestant Reformation,
• primary co-founder of Lutheranism

Question 15

Peasants revolt 1525

Answer 15

• attacked by Luther wrote “Against the Murdering and Thieving Horde of Peasants”,
• tied new movement to the state

Question 16

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 16

• launched Swiss Reformation,
• disputed Sixty-seven Articles 1523,
• translated Erasmian Latin Bible into vernacular, -defended infant baptism,
• killed at battle of Kappel

Question 17

Colloquoy of Marburg

Answer 17

• attended by Zwingli and Luther,
• convened by Philip I to unify Protestants,
• agreed on trinity, nature of Christ, and baptism,
• disagreed on Lord’s Supper

Question 18

Mary I

Answer 18

• daughter of Catherine of Aragon,
• bloody Mary by executing 300+ Protestant leaders,
• wanted to restore Catholic doctrine,
• -married Philip II

Question 19

Elizabeth I

Answer 19

• most popular English monarch,
• “Good Queen Bess,”
• “Elizabethan Compromise” need for religious unity

Question 20

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 20

• “Old Ironsides,”
• Puritan and military leader created “New Model Army,”
• rejected Charles which led to renewal of civil war and surrender 1648,
• tried Charles for treason

Question 21

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 21

• wrote Leviathan 1651,
• reflected Augustinian view of human nature – sinful,
• defined human nature as self-preservation,
• proposed absolutism (autocracy) to restrain human nature

Question 22

Louis XIV

Answer 22

constructed the Versailles palace as royal residence

Question 23

Mercantilism

Answer 23

• intended to enhance state’s wealth to support expansionism,
• counterpart of absolutism,
• developed by finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Question 24

Pleasure-pain Principle

Answer 24

rational human nature, driving satisfaction of basic needs

Question 25

Glorious Revolution

Answer 25

• reflected Lockean ideas,
• resisted James II,
• produced Convention Parliament ,
• promulgated Bill of Rights 1689

Question 26

Bill of Rights 1689

Answer 26

• new unwritten contract,
• established parliament as paramount constitutional branch,
• prohibited taxes without parliamentary consent,
• established due process and right to trial by jury

Question 27

Adam Smith

Answer 27

• wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of the Nations 1776, which was derived from Physiocrats 1750s,
• promoted progressive income and prop tax, developed minimum wage,
• “happy worker is more productive”

Question 28

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 28

• wrote Second Discourse on the Inequality of Man 1755 which asserted that survival required cooperation,
• human nature produced compassion,
• wrote Third Discourse on Political Economy 1755 which promoted popular sovereign and proposed progressive tax system

Question 29

Deism

Answer 29

• rational religion,
• believes in remote supreme being who allows free will,
• non-dogmatic morality,
• rejected organized religion,
• rejected miracles and Christ’s divinity as irrational

Question 30

Voltaire

Answer 30

wrote Essay on Toleration 1763

Question 31

Divine right rule

Answer 31

doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God

Question 32

Natural Law

Answer 32

– system of law determined by nature, universal, instincts of self-preservation