Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology10 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Synthesis, DNA gets Replication

A

S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Is primary growth phase & major portion of cell’s life span.

  • growing
  • longest
  • metabolism
A

G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phase for replication of organelles.

  • brief
  • final
  • preparation for division
A

G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitosis ( Nuclear Division)

A

M phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When cell divides or the rest of the cell divides

A

C phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle cells, brain cells.

A

Go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Growth & repair (tissue)

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

One parent cell divides to form with the same number of chromosomes as parent cell. ( Division of nucleus).

A

2 identical daughter cells (clones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the most important event, & is followed by the division of the rest of the cell.

A

Nuclear division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA replication

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 chromatids (copies) held together by a centromere

A

Chromosomes Replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear 2 membrane and nucleoli disappear and the spindle forms between centrioles= divides & forms 2

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromosomes moved to the center. And spindle fibers are attached to the centromere

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromatids get pulled apart, & move to the opposite poles of cell once centromeres divide

A

Anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chromosomes reach opposite poles & new nuclear membranes form around them

A

Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A constricting belt of actin filaments creates cleavage furrow & strangles cell in two

A

Animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How all traits are inherit

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Offspring are

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gametes are

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The two for each trait may not be identical

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Identical

A

Homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Not identical

A

Heterozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A dominant gene will be expressed and prevent that expression of the recessive gene

A

Law of dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Refers to actual genes possessed by an organism

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Outward expression of those genes
Phenotype
25
Alleles for a trait will segregate into different gametes
Law of segregation
26
Homologous chromosomes ( with matching alleles) separate during
Anaphase 1
27
Genes located on different chromosomes will assort indecently during meiosis ( ie. Foil method)
Law of Independent assortment
28
illustrate how traits are inherited form one generation to another
Genetic Crosses
29
1 trait at a time
Monohybrid crosses
30
If the organisms genotype is Gg, then 1/2 the gametes will be G and 1/2 will be gg
Law of segregation
31
To determine if dominant trait is homozygous, cross dominant individual with recessive one: TT or Tt?
Test cross
32
2 traits at a time
Dihybrid
33
Since organism is diploid & 2 traits are being tested, genotype will have
4 letters
34
Since gametes are haploid, they will have
2 letters
35
Use foil method to determine gametes from heterozygous parent
Law of Independent Assortment
36
Refers to traits for which there are more than 2 alleles for the gene
Multiple alleles
37
Is used to describe traits where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend between the homozygous dominant and recessive
Incomplete Dominance
38
Pair 1-22
Autosomes
39
Pair 23
Sex chromosomes
40
Wrong number of chromosomes inherited
Chromosomal Abnormalities
41
The failure of chromosomes (chromatids) to separate during meiosis
Nondisjunction
42
Offspring inherits 3 of a certain chromosome ( instead of normal 2 ). - down Syndrome - kilineflters Syndrome - Jacobs Syndrome & poly-x
Trisony
43
Offspring inherits only 1 of a certain chromosome. Ie. Turners Syndrome
Monosony
44
Offspring inherits more than 2 sets of chromosomes ( 3n, 4n, 6n, 8n)
Polyploid
45
A mistake in the genetic code | usually for a protein
Gene Mutations
46
Cause mutations ( ie. High-energy forms of radiation: X-Rays, Uv-Rays and chemicals : asbestos
Mutagen
47
Somatic mutions are Not inherited mutations are
Germ
48
Double helix ( twisted ladder) shape
Watson & crick model 1953
49
DNA polymer made of 2 strands of monomers
Nucleotides
50
Nucleotides consist of 3 molecules:
Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous base
51
4 nitrogenous bases are used
Thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine
52
Adenine & guanine are double-ringed
Purines
53
Thymine & cytosine are single-ringed
Pyramidines
54
One purine is paired with one Pyrimidine:
A-T, C-G
55
Enzymes called _____ are responsible for untwisting the DNA & separating the 2 strands forming replication bubbles along the chromosome
Helicases
56
The enzyme_____ attaches spare DNA nucleotides to their proper partners on the original strands. ( makes new polymer)
DNA polymerase
57
Both original strands form new complimentary strands:
Semiconservative
58
A_____ is a segment of the DNA of the chromosome
Gene
59
Genes represent a coded recipe for building a ____ one gene/ one protein hypothesis
Protein
60
A 4 letter alphabet ( A, C,G,T) used to make 3 letter words
DNA Code
61
The 3 letter words code for ___
Amino acid
62
Building the protein from the DNA code
Protein synthesis
63
Copying the DNA
Transcription
64
The enzyme____ positions at the start site at the gene locus
RNA polymerase
65
Primary transcript is edited by removing ___ ( non coding sequences)
Introns
66
Splicing together _____ ( coding sequences)
Exons
67
Making the protein from the mRNA copy
Translation
68
Every 3 -base sequence oh mRNA ____ and calls for a specific amino acid = universal genetic code
Codon
69
mRNA moves from nucleus to join with a ___ which is made of 2 subunits of rRNA & protein
Ribosome
70
The various amino acids are brought to the ribosome by ___ ( tRNA)
Transfer RNA
71
Each tRNA is characterized by a specific 3- base sequence
Anti codon
72
Vesicles from Golgi complex align across spindle = cell plate
Plant cells
73
The exchange results in new gene combinations which adds to the variability of the offspring and the ____ of the population
Diversity
74
Chromosomes line up at the middle in pairs with independent assortment = diversity
Metaphase 1
75
With half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Reduction division
76
Only occurs in the ___ ovaries/testes
Gonads (sex organs)
77
Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes | 1 set originally from each parent
Diploid(2n)
78
Cells with a single set of chromosomes
Haploid (n)
79
In a diploid cell, the 2 sets are matching or ___ which means that each chromosome pair (homologs) have matching or paired genes ( alleles)
Homologus
80
Process of meiosis involves ... Which has NO interphase between
2 division process
81
Usual prophase events; pairing of homologous chromosomes
Prophase 1 = Synapsis
82
Chromatids may over lap and exchange genetic material
Crossing over
83
Homologous pairs split apart & are pulled to opposite poles.
Anaphase 1
84
2 cells have half the original number of chromosomes
Telophase 1
85
Chromosomes become visible nuclear 2 membrane & nucleoli disappear
Prophase 2
86
They line up down the middle
Metaphase2
87
Speparate and move to opposite poles
Telophase 2
88
Reduction division because it produces daughter cells gametes =egg & sperm Sex cells
Meiosis

Biology10 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions