Test 2

Question 1

Canzona francese

Answer 1

Vocal genre with witty text and rhythmically animated polyphonic settings

Question 2

Canzona de sonare

Answer 2

Developed from instrumental transcriptions of canzona francese. In Italy, composers began writing instrumental works in the same style. Short, sectional, featuring contrasts

Question 3

Sonata

Answer 3

Multi-movement, small-scale instrumental work featuring stark contrasts. Corelli and Frescobaldi.

Question 4

Concerto Grosso

Answer 4

Corelli: concertino + ripieno. Contrast of forces, not virtuosity. Descendant of Italian polychoral style, derived directly from sonata style.

Question 5

Vivaldi’s Solo Concerto

Answer 5

Develops mold to pour ideas into. Written for orphan school. Ritornello form.

Question 6

Vivaldian Ritornello Form

Answer 6

Ritornello + Episode. Ritornello is harmonically stable and presents main tunes: head motive + fortspinnung (sequencing) + cadential gesture. Episode is harmonically unstable and virtuosic.

Question 7

Chamber Concerto

Answer 7

Soloist(s) + ripieno

Question 8

Ripieno Concerto

Answer 8

No soloist, but retains ritornello form.

Question 9

Priorities German Violin Music

Answer 9

Virtuosic and programmatic.

Question 10

Chiasm

Answer 10

Cross figure

Question 11

Characteristics of French Opera Style

Answer 11

Derived from tradition of spoken theater = Alexandrian Verse, emphasizing stylized poetic speech. Recit and aria reflect oratorical moods, and do not alternate with huge musical shifts (elide into one another). Musical style reflects importance of dance culture.

Question 12

Divertissement

Answer 12

Ballet at the end of each act of an opera.

Question 13

French Overture

Answer 13

Processional Andante + Imitative section + return of Andante

Question 14

French Air

Answer 14

Extended binary form [AABB’], short, syllabic, no ritornello introduction.

Question 15

Declaration of the Gallican Clergy

Answer 15

1682, French Clergy independent from Rome.

Question 16

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Answer 16

1685, Catholicism absorbed into French culture

Question 17

French “Low Mass”

Answer 17

Recited text with music played paraliturgically: Grand motet played up to communion, Petite motet during elevation of the Eucharist, domine salvum fac regem as send-off.

Question 18

Stile Luthe

Answer 18

Chords and verticallities spread out over time. Rhythmically nuanced playing: Sound needs to be kept going, therefore performers add melodic ornaments and chords are broken.

Question 19

English Opera

Answer 19

Italian opera and English theater merge. Also utilize French style.

Question 20

Semi-opera

Answer 20

or masque; natioinal genre. Stage play with inserted musical moments for added drama.

Question 21

Anthem

Answer 21

Sacred vocal liturgical music; either full or verse

Question 22

Devotional song

Answer 22

solo and basso continuo, for devotional use.

Question 23

Opera Seria

Answer 23

Aria-centered genre in 18th century. Reaction to comic opera: less acting, more singing, often with monarchical/absolutist propeganda. Arias would discuss psychological themes and interior monologues. Dominated by poets and librettists.

Question 24

English Oratorio

Answer 24

Handel wants to reach a wider audience since English don’t like Opera. More interwoven and diverse in style than Opera Seria.

Question 25

“Facets” of Bach’s Style

Answer 25

Continuation of northern European keyboard tradition (contrapuntal writing); cantus firmus oriented from Lutheran Cantus Firmus tradition; French courtly dance and theater music; Italian concerto and opera.

Question 26

Bach’s Vivaldian influence

Answer 26

Loves rigorous compositional logic, coordination of stability and instability in harmonic and thematic material

Question 27

Sacred Cantatas (Bach)

Answer 27

Italian Cantata tradition adopted by Germans and made sacred; used in Lutheran Mass, utilizes chorale melodies.

Question 28

New England Psalmody

Answer 28

Calvinists sing Biblical Psalms translated into English Meter; common and long.

Question 29

“Old Way” singing

Answer 29

Expressive, not in strict time, Embellishment and lining out. Attempt to normalize using solfege and markings to indicate length.

Question 30

Villancico

Answer 30

estribillo + coplas

Question 31

Stil galant

Answer 31

Binary and rounded binary develops into sonata form; comic opera, extreme juxtaposition of thematic ideas; folk music = pleasing, arcadian aesthetic = homophony, little dissonance