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Music History 321 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Canzona francese

A

Vocal genre with witty text and rhythmically animated polyphonic settings

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2
Q

Canzona de sonare

A

Developed from instrumental transcriptions of canzona francese. In Italy, composers began writing instrumental works in the same style. Short, sectional, featuring contrasts

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3
Q

Sonata

A

Multi-movement, small-scale instrumental work featuring stark contrasts. Corelli and Frescobaldi.

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4
Q

Concerto Grosso

A

Corelli: concertino + ripieno. Contrast of forces, not virtuosity. Descendant of Italian polychoral style, derived directly from sonata style.

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5
Q

Vivaldi’s Solo Concerto

A

Develops mold to pour ideas into. Written for orphan school. Ritornello form.

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6
Q

Vivaldian Ritornello Form

A

Ritornello + Episode. Ritornello is harmonically stable and presents main tunes: head motive + fortspinnung (sequencing) + cadential gesture. Episode is harmonically unstable and virtuosic.

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7
Q

Chamber Concerto

A

Soloist(s) + ripieno

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8
Q

Ripieno Concerto

A

No soloist, but retains ritornello form.

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9
Q

Priorities German Violin Music

A

Virtuosic and programmatic.

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10
Q

Chiasm

A

Cross figure

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11
Q

Characteristics of French Opera Style

A

Derived from tradition of spoken theater = Alexandrian Verse, emphasizing stylized poetic speech. Recit and aria reflect oratorical moods, and do not alternate with huge musical shifts (elide into one another). Musical style reflects importance of dance culture.

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12
Q

Divertissement

A

Ballet at the end of each act of an opera.

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13
Q

French Overture

A

Processional Andante + Imitative section + return of Andante

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14
Q

French Air

A

Extended binary form [AABB’], short, syllabic, no ritornello introduction.

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15
Q

Declaration of the Gallican Clergy

A

1682, French Clergy independent from Rome.

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16
Q

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

A

1685, Catholicism absorbed into French culture

17
Q

French “Low Mass”

A

Recited text with music played paraliturgically: Grand motet played up to communion, Petite motet during elevation of the Eucharist, domine salvum fac regem as send-off.

18
Q

Stile Luthe

A

Chords and verticallities spread out over time. Rhythmically nuanced playing: Sound needs to be kept going, therefore performers add melodic ornaments and chords are broken.

19
Q

English Opera

A

Italian opera and English theater merge. Also utilize French style.

20
Q

Semi-opera

A

or masque; natioinal genre. Stage play with inserted musical moments for added drama.

21
Q

Anthem

A

Sacred vocal liturgical music; either full or verse

22
Q

Devotional song

A

solo and basso continuo, for devotional use.

23
Q

Opera Seria

A

Aria-centered genre in 18th century. Reaction to comic opera: less acting, more singing, often with monarchical/absolutist propeganda. Arias would discuss psychological themes and interior monologues. Dominated by poets and librettists.

24
Q

English Oratorio

A

Handel wants to reach a wider audience since English don’t like Opera. More interwoven and diverse in style than Opera Seria.

25
Q

“Facets” of Bach’s Style

A

Continuation of northern European keyboard tradition (contrapuntal writing); cantus firmus oriented from Lutheran Cantus Firmus tradition; French courtly dance and theater music; Italian concerto and opera.

26
Q

Bach’s Vivaldian influence

A

Loves rigorous compositional logic, coordination of stability and instability in harmonic and thematic material

27
Q

Sacred Cantatas (Bach)

A

Italian Cantata tradition adopted by Germans and made sacred; used in Lutheran Mass, utilizes chorale melodies.

28
Q

New England Psalmody

A

Calvinists sing Biblical Psalms translated into English Meter; common and long.

29
Q

“Old Way” singing

A

Expressive, not in strict time, Embellishment and lining out. Attempt to normalize using solfege and markings to indicate length.

30
Q

Villancico

A

estribillo + coplas

31
Q

Stil galant

A

Binary and rounded binary develops into sonata form; comic opera, extreme juxtaposition of thematic ideas; folk music = pleasing, arcadian aesthetic = homophony, little dissonance

Music History 321 (3 decks)

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