Test 2 Flashcards
Canzona francese
Vocal genre with witty text and rhythmically animated polyphonic settings
Canzona de sonare
Developed from instrumental transcriptions of canzona francese. In Italy, composers began writing instrumental works in the same style. Short, sectional, featuring contrasts
Sonata
Multi-movement, small-scale instrumental work featuring stark contrasts. Corelli and Frescobaldi.
Concerto Grosso
Corelli: concertino + ripieno. Contrast of forces, not virtuosity. Descendant of Italian polychoral style, derived directly from sonata style.
Vivaldi’s Solo Concerto
Develops mold to pour ideas into. Written for orphan school. Ritornello form.
Vivaldian Ritornello Form
Ritornello + Episode. Ritornello is harmonically stable and presents main tunes: head motive + fortspinnung (sequencing) + cadential gesture. Episode is harmonically unstable and virtuosic.
Chamber Concerto
Soloist(s) + ripieno
Ripieno Concerto
No soloist, but retains ritornello form.
Priorities German Violin Music
Virtuosic and programmatic.
Chiasm
Cross figure
Characteristics of French Opera Style
Derived from tradition of spoken theater = Alexandrian Verse, emphasizing stylized poetic speech. Recit and aria reflect oratorical moods, and do not alternate with huge musical shifts (elide into one another). Musical style reflects importance of dance culture.
Divertissement
Ballet at the end of each act of an opera.
French Overture
Processional Andante + Imitative section + return of Andante
French Air
Extended binary form [AABB’], short, syllabic, no ritornello introduction.
Declaration of the Gallican Clergy
1682, French Clergy independent from Rome.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1685, Catholicism absorbed into French culture
French “Low Mass”
Recited text with music played paraliturgically: Grand motet played up to communion, Petite motet during elevation of the Eucharist, domine salvum fac regem as send-off.
Stile Luthe
Chords and verticallities spread out over time. Rhythmically nuanced playing: Sound needs to be kept going, therefore performers add melodic ornaments and chords are broken.
English Opera
Italian opera and English theater merge. Also utilize French style.
Semi-opera
or masque; natioinal genre. Stage play with inserted musical moments for added drama.
Anthem
Sacred vocal liturgical music; either full or verse
Devotional song
solo and basso continuo, for devotional use.
Opera Seria
Aria-centered genre in 18th century. Reaction to comic opera: less acting, more singing, often with monarchical/absolutist propeganda. Arias would discuss psychological themes and interior monologues. Dominated by poets and librettists.
English Oratorio
Handel wants to reach a wider audience since English don’t like Opera. More interwoven and diverse in style than Opera Seria.
“Facets” of Bach’s Style
Continuation of northern European keyboard tradition (contrapuntal writing); cantus firmus oriented from Lutheran Cantus Firmus tradition; French courtly dance and theater music; Italian concerto and opera.
Bach’s Vivaldian influence
Loves rigorous compositional logic, coordination of stability and instability in harmonic and thematic material
Sacred Cantatas (Bach)
Italian Cantata tradition adopted by Germans and made sacred; used in Lutheran Mass, utilizes chorale melodies.
New England Psalmody
Calvinists sing Biblical Psalms translated into English Meter; common and long.
“Old Way” singing
Expressive, not in strict time, Embellishment and lining out. Attempt to normalize using solfege and markings to indicate length.
Villancico
estribillo + coplas
Stil galant
Binary and rounded binary develops into sonata form; comic opera, extreme juxtaposition of thematic ideas; folk music = pleasing, arcadian aesthetic = homophony, little dissonance
