Test 2

Question 1

Prognathia

Answer 1

Excessively large mandible

Question 2

Micrognathia

Answer 2

Excessively small mandible

Question 3

Describe PREmaxilla

Answer 3

soft palate; formed between 4 to 6 weeks of life; forms small triangle to include central and lateral incisors; embryologically different

Question 4

Bones of the cranium

Answer 4

Ethmoid Bone, Frontal Bone, Sphenoid Bone, Temporal Bone, Parietal Bone, Occipital Bone

Question 5

Sinus Cavities (2)

Answer 5

Frontal Sinus and Maxillary Sinus

Question 6

Surface landmarks of the nose

Answer 6

Tip, nares, root, bridge, dorsum, columella

Question 7

Surface landmarks of the lips

Answer 7

Cupids bow, vermillion zone, philtrum

Question 8

List transverse muscles of the face

Answer 8

Buccinator, risorius

Question 9

List angular muscles of the face

Answer 9

Levator labii superior, levator labii superior alaeque nasi, zygomatic major, zygomatic minor, depressor labii inferior

Question 10

List the vertical muscles of the face

Answer 10

Mentalis, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris

Question 11

Difference between permanent and deciduous dentition

Answer 11

Deciduous- Primary teeth; smaller; consist of 20 teeth, 5 teeth in each quadrant, are replaced by permanent teeth Permanent teeth consist of 32 teeth, 8 in each quadrant included superadded which have no deciduous predessors

Question 12

Describe four types of bites

Answer 12

Open bite (teeth do not meet during bite- vertical)
Overbite (excessive overlap during bite-vertical)
Overjet (maxillary incisors are anterior to mandibular incisors- horizontal)
Underjet (mandibular incisors are anterior to maxillary incisors-horizontal)

Question 13

Mesioversion, Distoversion, Linguaversion

Answer 13

bite is toward midline, bite is tilted outward, bite is tilting toward tongue

Question 14

Identify surface anatomy of the tongue

Answer 14

Longitudinal Medial Sulcus (Line front to back in middle)
Sulcus Terminalis (v-shaped, separated front 2/3 and back 1/3 of tongue)
Papillae (small projections which covers entire 2/3 dorsum of tongue, give tongue its roughness,
Lingual Frenum (connects the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 15

List intrinsic muscles of tongue and their function

Answer 15

Superior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip upward)
Inferior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip downward)
Transverse (narrows and elongates tongue)
Vertical (flattens tongue)

Question 16

List extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their function

Answer 16

Genioglossus (draws tongue down)
Sylyoglossus (draws tongue up and back)
Palatoglossus (elevates back of tongue)
Hyoglossus (retracts and depresses tongue)

Question 17

List the mandibular depressors

Answer 17

Digastricus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 18

List the mandibular elevators

Answer 18

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid

Question 19

Muscles of soft palate (velum) and their functions

Answer 19

Palatoglossus (rapid depression of velum)
Palatophryngeus (lateral wall movement; depresses velum)
Levator Leli Palatini (elevates velum up and back)
Musculus uvulae (provides bulk the velum)
Tensor Veli Palatini (tenses velum; opens auditory tube)

Question 20

Four types of tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 20

Palatine tonsils, Adenoids, Lingual tonsils, Tubal

Question 21

How can removal of tonsilar tissue impact speech

Answer 21

Can create hypernasal speech

Question 22

Muscles of the pharynx

Answer 22

Superior, Middle, and Inferior constrictors, salpingopharyngus, and palatopharyngus

Question 23

What is source-filter theory

Answer 23

explains how speech sounds resonate in the vocal tract

Question 24

Intraoral pressure and subglottal pressures for vowels

Answer 24

0 cmH2O and 7cmH2O

Question 25

Name 3 types of embryological tissue

Answer 25

Ectoderm (outer most tissue) hair, nails, teeth, skin
Mesoderm (intermediate layer of tissue) bones muscles blood vessels cartilage
Endoderm (deepest layer of tissue) epithelial lining of respiratory and digestive tract

Question 26

Structures that develop out of the 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch)

Answer 26

Maxillary prominence and Mandibular prominence

Question 27

What develops from the maxillary prominence

Answer 27

Maxilla, Zygomatic bone, and part of the Temporal bone

Question 28

What develops from the mandibular prominence

Answer 28

Lower lip, mandible, anterior tongue,
Malleus and Incus of middle ear
Muscles of Matsication (chewing)

Question 29

What develops from the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Answer 29

Lessor cornu of the hyoid bone and the superior part of the hyoid bone
Stapes of the middle ear and stapedius muscle
Stylohyoid muscle and stylohyoid process of the temporal bone
Muscles of facial expression

Question 30

What develops in the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch

Answer 30

Greater cornu and inferior part of the body of the hyoid bone
Pharyngeal port of the tongue
Stylopharyngeus

Question 31

Describe the embryological development of the primary palate

Answer 31

Occurs between the 4th and 6th week

Medial nasal, lateral nasal, and maxillary process fuse together to form the primary palate

Question 32

Describe the embryological development of the secondary palate

Answer 32

Occurs between the 8th and 12th week
Significant increase in vertical growth of mandible/head
Corresponding increase in height of oral cavity
oral/nasal cavity do not separate
posterior growth of nasal septum