Test 2 Flashcards
Prognathia
Excessively large mandible
Micrognathia
Excessively small mandible
Describe PREmaxilla
soft palate; formed between 4 to 6 weeks of life; forms small triangle to include central and lateral incisors; embryologically different
Bones of the cranium
Ethmoid Bone, Frontal Bone, Sphenoid Bone, Temporal Bone, Parietal Bone, Occipital Bone
Sinus Cavities (2)
Frontal Sinus and Maxillary Sinus
Surface landmarks of the nose
Tip, nares, root, bridge, dorsum, columella
Surface landmarks of the lips
Cupids bow, vermillion zone, philtrum
List transverse muscles of the face
Buccinator, risorius
List angular muscles of the face
Levator labii superior, levator labii superior alaeque nasi, zygomatic major, zygomatic minor, depressor labii inferior
List the vertical muscles of the face
Mentalis, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris
Difference between permanent and deciduous dentition
Deciduous- Primary teeth; smaller; consist of 20 teeth, 5 teeth in each quadrant, are replaced by permanent teeth Permanent teeth consist of 32 teeth, 8 in each quadrant included superadded which have no deciduous predessors
Describe four types of bites
Open bite (teeth do not meet during bite- vertical)
Overbite (excessive overlap during bite-vertical)
Overjet (maxillary incisors are anterior to mandibular incisors- horizontal)
Underjet (mandibular incisors are anterior to maxillary incisors-horizontal)
Mesioversion, Distoversion, Linguaversion
bite is toward midline, bite is tilted outward, bite is tilting toward tongue
Identify surface anatomy of the tongue
Longitudinal Medial Sulcus (Line front to back in middle) Sulcus Terminalis (v-shaped, separated front 2/3 and back 1/3 of tongue) Papillae (small projections which covers entire 2/3 dorsum of tongue, give tongue its roughness, Lingual Frenum (connects the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
List intrinsic muscles of tongue and their function
Superior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip upward) Inferior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip downward) Transverse (narrows and elongates tongue) Vertical (flattens tongue)
List extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their function
Genioglossus (draws tongue down)
Sylyoglossus (draws tongue up and back)
Palatoglossus (elevates back of tongue)
Hyoglossus (retracts and depresses tongue)
List the mandibular depressors
Digastricus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Lateral pterygoid
List the mandibular elevators
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Muscles of soft palate (velum) and their functions
Palatoglossus (rapid depression of velum)
Palatophryngeus (lateral wall movement; depresses velum)
Levator Leli Palatini (elevates velum up and back)
Musculus uvulae (provides bulk the velum)
Tensor Veli Palatini (tenses velum; opens auditory tube)
Four types of tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s ring?
Palatine tonsils, Adenoids, Lingual tonsils, Tubal
How can removal of tonsilar tissue impact speech
Can create hypernasal speech
Muscles of the pharynx
Superior, Middle, and Inferior constrictors, salpingopharyngus, and palatopharyngus
What is source-filter theory
explains how speech sounds resonate in the vocal tract
Intraoral pressure and subglottal pressures for vowels
0 cmH2O and 7cmH2O
Name 3 types of embryological tissue
Ectoderm (outer most tissue) hair, nails, teeth, skin
Mesoderm (intermediate layer of tissue) bones muscles blood vessels cartilage
Endoderm (deepest layer of tissue) epithelial lining of respiratory and digestive tract
Structures that develop out of the 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch)
Maxillary prominence and Mandibular prominence
What develops from the maxillary prominence
Maxilla, Zygomatic bone, and part of the Temporal bone
What develops from the mandibular prominence
Lower lip, mandible, anterior tongue,
Malleus and Incus of middle ear
Muscles of Matsication (chewing)
What develops from the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch
Lessor cornu of the hyoid bone and the superior part of the hyoid bone
Stapes of the middle ear and stapedius muscle
Stylohyoid muscle and stylohyoid process of the temporal bone
Muscles of facial expression
What develops in the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch
Greater cornu and inferior part of the body of the hyoid bone
Pharyngeal port of the tongue
Stylopharyngeus
Describe the embryological development of the primary palate
Occurs between the 4th and 6th week
Medial nasal, lateral nasal, and maxillary process fuse together to form the primary palate
Describe the embryological development of the secondary palate
Occurs between the 8th and 12th week
Significant increase in vertical growth of mandible/head
Corresponding increase in height of oral cavity
oral/nasal cavity do not separate
posterior growth of nasal septum
