Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 5 major cases in which species are vulnerable to extinction?
1) narrow geographic ranges
2) one or a few populations
3) small population size
4) populations that are declining
5) hunted or harvested
What other less encompassing categories have been linked to extinction?
1) large home range
2) species with large bodies
3) non-effective dispersers
4) seasonal migrants
5) little genetic variability
6) specialized nitch requirements
7) stable, pristine environments
8) spp. that form permanent or temporary aggregations
9) not had prior contact with humans
10) species that have closely related species that are recently extinct or threatened
What are the IUCN categories?
1) extinct
2) extinct in the wild
3) critically endangered
4) endangered
5) vulnerable
6) near threatened
7) least concern
8) data deficient
9) not evaluated
What are the major extinction categories?
1) Critically endangered
2) Endangered
3) Vulnerable
What are the 5 ways that species get put into IUCN categories?
1) observable decline in number
2) small geographic area occupied
3) total number of individuals alive and number of effective population
4) habitat deconstruction
5) high probability of species going extinct in a certain number of years
List 7 reasons for extinction.
1) Habitat destruction
2) habitat fragmentation
3) habitat degradation (pollution)
4) global climate change
5) over exploitation of species for human use
6) introduction of invasive species
7) increased spread of disease
List 3 ways humans dominate the global ecosystem.
1) land surface
2) nitrogen cycle
3) atmospheric carbon cycle
What is I=PAT?
I= human impact P= population A= average income T= technology
What are the most threatened habitats for habitat destruction
1) tropical forest
2) tropical deciduous forest
3) grasslands
4) wetlands
5) marines coastal environments
6) mangroves
7) coral reef systems
What are the edge effects of fragmentation?
1) microclimate changes
2) increase fire
3) interspecies interactions
4) disease
What are the consequences of habitat fragmentation?
1) limits to dispersal and colonization
2) restricted access to food and mates
3) division of population
What are the causes of habitat degradation and pollution?
1) pesticide pollution
2) water pollution ex. Oil spills
3) air pollution ex. DDT and hydrocarbons
Define eutrophication
The process of degradation in aquatic environments caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and characterized by algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
What is some evidence for global warming?
1) increased temperature and incidences of heat waves
2) melting of glaciers and polar ice
3) rising sea levels
4) earlier flowering of plants
5) earlier spring activity
6) shifts in species ranges
7) population declines
What are 4 ways introductions occur?
1) European colonization
2) horticulture and agriculture
3) accidental introductions
4) biological control
