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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 antigens in the P group?

A

P1, P2, and Pk

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2
Q

What antigens do you have if you are a P1 phenotype?

A

All three P antigens

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3
Q

What antigens do you have if you are a P2 phenotype?

A

P and Pk (missing P1)

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4
Q

What does it mean if you have the null phenotype for the P system?

A

You do not carry the P1, P2, or Pk

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5
Q

What antibodies are naturally occurring in Pnull people?

A

Anti-P1, Anti-P2, and Anti-Pk

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6
Q

Is Anti-P1 naturally occurring? And what kind of people can this antibody be found in?

A

Yes and P2 people

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7
Q

Is Anti-P1 IgG or IgM?

A

IgM (cold reacting)

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8
Q

Can Anti-P1 bind with complement?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Individuals negative for the I antigen are labeled?

A

i

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10
Q

After you’re born, i converts to I antigen. This process is usually complete by?

A

18 months

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11
Q

Is Anti-I clinically significant?

A

No

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12
Q

Is Anti-I IgM or IgG?

A

IgM (cold reacting)

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13
Q

In the MNS system, what genes are allelic to each other?

A

M and N

S and s

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14
Q

Is anti-M IgM or IgG?

A

IgM (cold reacting)

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15
Q

Is Anti-M naturally occuring?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Does Anti-M bind complement?

A

No

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17
Q

Does Anti-M exhibit a dosage effect?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Is Anti-N IgM or IgG, naturally occuring, bind with complement, exhibit dosage effects?

A

IgM, and yes it is naturally occurring, binds with complement, and exhibits dosage effects.

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19
Q

Is Anti-S and Anti-s naturally occuring?

A

No, RBC stimulated through transfusion of pregnancy.

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20
Q

Is Anti-S and Anti-s IgM or IgG?

A

IgG (warm reacting 37 degrees)

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21
Q

Why is Anti-U clinically significant and what race is it seen in?

A

Associated with HDFN and HTR (Hemolytic Transfusions Reactions) and African Americans

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22
Q

How many antigens does the Kell system contain?

A

24

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23
Q

What is Ku or Total Kell?

A

Represents all Kell antigens collectively

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24
Q

What is Ko (Kell null)?

A

Lacks entire Kell glycoprotein and all Kell antigens

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25
Q

What are the antigens for Fisher-Race?

A

D, C, E, c, e

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26
Q

What are the antigens for Wiener?

A

R1, R2, R0, Rz, r’, r’’, ry

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27
Q

What is the clinical significance of a weakened D person who has donated blood?

A

The donor is considered positive for the D antigen.

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28
Q

What is the clinical significance of a weakened D person who is going to receive blood?

A

That person should receive D negative blood because they are considered weakly positive for D.

29
Q

When is anti-human globulin used?

A

During IAT and DAT testing to detect antibodies in serum (IAT) or detect coating of RBCs with antibodies (DAT).

30
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the ABO blood group.

A

A1, A2, B (Antigens)

Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-A1, Anti-A,B, Anti-H (Antibodies)

31
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Rh blood group.

A

D, C, E, c, e (Antigens)

Anti-D, Anti-C, Anti-E, Anti-c, Anti-e (Antibodies)

32
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Kell blood group.

A

K, k, Kpa, Kpb, Kpc, Jsa, Jsb (Antigens)

Anti-K, Anti-k, Anti-Kpa, Anti-Kpb, Anti-Kpc, Anti-Jsa, Anti-Jsb (Antibodies)

33
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Kidd blood group.

A

Jka, Jkb (Antigens)

Anti-Jka, Anti-Jkb (Antibodies)

34
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Duffy blood group.

A

Fya, Fyb (Antigens)

Anti-Fya, Anti-Fyb (Antibodies)

35
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Lutheran blood group.

A

Lua, Lub (Antigens)

Anti-Lua, Anti-Lub (Antibodies)

36
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the P blood group.

A

P1, P, PK (Antigens)

Anti-P, Anti-P1, Anti-Pk (Antibodies)

37
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the I blood group.

A

I (Antigen)

Anti-I, Anti-i (Antibody)

38
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the MNS blood group.

A

M, N, S, s, U (Antigens)

Anti-M, Anti-N, Anti-S, Anti-s, Anti-U (Antibodies)

39
Q

List the antigens/antibodies for the Lewis blood group.

A

Lea, Leb (Antigens)

Anti-Lea, Anti-Leb (Antibodies)

40
Q

What is the purpose of a DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)?

A

Detect sensitized cells in vivo

41
Q

Define DAT.

A

Direct Antiglobulin Test

42
Q

What is the reagent for Anti-Human Globulin?

A

Antibody to human globulin

43
Q

What percentage of people are Rh+?

44
Q

Most common Lewis phenotype?

45
Q

Most common P phenotype?

46
Q

Most common Kell phenotype?

A

kk (small k)

K-k+

47
Q

Most common Duffy phenotype in whites?

48
Q

Most common KIDD phenotype in blacks?

49
Q

Three causes of a false positive DAT.

A
  • Complement (EDTA tube was not used and complement was not inactivated)
  • Improper centrifugation (cells too tight, not easily dispersed)
  • Cells agglutinated prior to washing
50
Q

List Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of ABO blood group antibodies.

A

IgM
22-24 degrees Celsius
Not IAT

51
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Rh blood group antibodies.

A

IgG
37 degrees Celsius
IAT

52
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Kell blood group antibodies.

A

IgG
37 degrees
IAT

53
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Kidd blood group antibodies.

A

IgG
37 degrees
IAT

54
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Duffy blood group antibodies.

A

IgG
37 degrees
IAT

55
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Lutheran blood group antibodies.

A

IgM
22-24 degrees
Not IAT

56
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of I blood group antibodies.

A

IgM
4-22 degrees
Not IAT

57
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of MNS blood group antibodies.

A

IgG
37 degrees
IAT

58
Q

Ig class, best reaction temperature, and phase of Lewis blood group antibodies.

A

IgM
4-22 degrees
Not IAT

59
Q

DCe

60
Q

DcE

61
Q

Dce

62
Q

DCE

64
Q

Ce

65
Q

cE

66
Q

CE

67
Q

Three causes of false negative DATs.

A
  • Neutralization of AHG reagent
  • Improper procedures (too heavy rbc concentration, improper cells)
  • Interruption in testing
68
Q

What is the CIS effect?

A

Genes in the sis position are on the same chromosome of a pair of homologous chromosomes.

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