Test 2

Question 0

Cognitive

Answer 0

Relating to how the human mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. The focus is on internal learning mechanisms that are believed to be used for learning in general, not just language learning alone.

Question 1

Audiolingual approach

Answer 1

An approach to second or foreign language teaching that is based on the behaviorist theory of learning and on structural linguistics, especially the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Emphasizes the formation of habits through the repetition, practice, and memorization of sentence patterns in isolation from each other and from contexts of meaningful use.

Question 2

Corpus

Answer 2

A principles collection of oral or written language samples that can usually be accessed and explored with computer-based tools. Some of the most famous ____ contain millions of words from, for example, newspapers. Samples of the language produce by learners have also been collected for second language acquisition research.

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

A statistical procedure that compares the relative frequency or size of different variables in order to determine whether there is a relationship between them.

Question 4

Descriptive study

Answer 4

Research that did not involved any manipulation, change, or intervention in the phenomenon being studied. The researcher’s goal is to observe and record what is happening. This contrasts with experimental study.

Question 5

Experimental study

Answer 5

Research designed to test a hypothesis about the impact of one or more specific variables on another variable. “Experimental” and “control” groups that offer from each other only in the presence or absence of the variable(a) of interest. In education research, it is often difficult to create all of the conditions that permit a study to be termed as “genuine.” Term is used in a non-technical sense to refer to research in which an attempt has been made to investigate a single variable in an educational setting.

Question 6

Grammar translation

Answer 6

An approach to second language teaching characterized by the explicit teaching of grammar rules and the use of translation exercises.

Question 7

Instrumental motivation

Answer 7

Motivation that is essentially practical, such as the need to learn the language in order to get a better job

Question 8

Interlanguage is neither L1 or L2. True or false?

Answer 8

True, it’s something in between

Question 9

Integrative motivation

Answer 9

Motivation for second language learning that is based on a desire to know more about the culture and community of the target language group and even a desire to be more like members of that group.

Question 10

Meta-analysis

Answer 10

A statistical procedure that allows researchers to combine the findings from a large number of quantitative studies in order to assess the overall patterns of findings on a similar topic.

Question 11

Obligatory contexts

Answer 11

Places in a sentence where a particular grammatical form is required for the sentence is to be correct. For example, in the sentence, “last week my brother rent a car,” the speaker has created an ________ for the past tense by the use of “last week” but has not used the required form of the verb in that context.

Question 12

Pattern practice drill

Answer 12

A teaching technique in which learners are asked to practice sentences chosen to represent particular linguistic forms. Typical of the audiolingual approach.

Question 13

Pragmatics

Answer 13

Aspects of language use that go beyond vocabulary and grammar to include rules of how to use language appropriately in different contexts and with different speakers. It also includes an understanding of the implied as well as the explicit meaning of language.

Question 14

Private speech

Answer 14

The language we use when we are talking to ourselves, not expecting anyone to hear or respond.

Question 15

Qualitative research

Answer 15

An approach that uses detailed descriptions of the phenomena being studied rather than counting or measuring the exact amount of some specific variable or variables. _______ research requires extensive observation and insightful interpretation.

Question 16

Quantitative research

Answer 16

An approach that requires precise counts or numerical measurements of variables. In ____ study, both the variable that I believed to affect learning and he learning itself are measured or “_____ified.” _____ requires careful selection of the measurements that will be used to represent the variables being studied.

Question 17

Restructuring

Answer 17

Cognitive activity that is seen as causing changes in the way information is organized in the brain, even though no new information has been learned.

Question 18

Scaffolding

Answer 18

The language that an interlocutor (a person who takes part in dialogue) uses to support the communicative success of another speaker. It may include the provision of missing vocabulary or the expansion of the speaker’s incomplete sentence.

Question 19

Variable

Answer 19

An element or characteristic that can be measured or defined. _____ can differ in different groups or change over time within a group or individual. Some examples of ____ that are commonly examined in language acquisition research include the amount of time a person has been learning the language, scores on aptitude tests, and performance on measures of language knowledge.

Question 20

Willingness to communicate

Answer 20

The predisposition of learners toward or away from communicating in a second/foreign language. Several factors contribute to ____ including social, individual, situational, and motivational.