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Archaeology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Provenience

A

3D location of artifacts at a Archaeological site

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2
Q

Types of Provenience

A

General/ Bulk, Point, Feature

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3
Q

General/Bulk Provenience

A

Approximate location of artifacts at a site

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4
Q

Point Provenience

A

Exact 3D location of a artifact at a site

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5
Q

Feature

A

Group of artifacts that are kept together in the same provenience because they have assumed behavioral importance

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6
Q

Master Lot List

A

List of all proveniences at a Archaeological site

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7
Q

In situ

A

Exact 3D location of the artifact in the A.C.

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8
Q

Vertical Provenience

A

The process of excavation is removing sediments (non-cultural) from artifacts

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9
Q

Goal of Excavation

A

To interpret and isolate floors and occupational surfaces

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10
Q

Stratification

A

Layering and superposition of natural sediments at a archaeological site

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11
Q

Stratigraphy

A

Layering and superposition of cultural materials at a archaeological site

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12
Q

System of Excavation

A

Utilizes zones and levels

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13
Q

Zones

A

any distinct stratum that can be physically identified (cultural or natural)

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14
Q

Characteristics of a Floor

A

Flat, Level (horizontal), Hard (compact), Artifacts on top (level plane)

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15
Q

Control Test Pit

A

Outside of site; Purpose- determines stratification of the site area

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16
Q

Zone

A

Any discernible layer

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17
Q

Level

A

Arbitrary layer within a zone

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18
Q

Benchmark

A

Vertical elevation; not going to move or change

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19
Q

Profile

A

Drawing of the wall of the excavation unit

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20
Q

How deep do you dig?

A

Until you hit bedrock, until you hit water, or culturally sterile geological sediment

21
Q

Types of Deposit

A

Burial, features, in situ, rubble, floor, midden, and fill

22
Q

Features

A

distinctive deposit kept separate from other deposit

23
Q

in situ

A

Soil immediately over the floor

24
Q

rubble

A

collapsed architecture. walls, roofs, etc.

25
Q

floor

A

artifacts lie flat

26
Q

fill

A

cultural sediments brought into a site; artifacts at odd angles; non-local origin

27
Q

Harris matrix

A

Chart that shows the stratigraphic relationships or strata (zones) at a archaeological site

28
Q

Flotation

A

what floats on top is carbonized vexation; seeds and charcoal; carbonized insects

29
Q

Heavy fraction flotation

A

Taking pantyhose to get the floating objects

30
Q

Heavy fraction

A

things at the bottom; screen through with 1mm best

31
Q

Archaeological dating technique types

A

Relative, Chronometric, and Absolute

32
Q

Relative

A

Something is older than something else but you don’t know by how much time between the episodes

33
Q

Chronometric

A

measure time but our measurement is only statistical approximation

34
Q

Absolute

A

You have a actual precise accurate date and time

35
Q

Types of Relative

A

Stratigraphic dating, Seriation, Cross dating, Age Area hypothesis

36
Q

Stratigraphic dating

A

based on “law os super positioning”; Problem: Reverse stratigraphy; burials too

37
Q

Seriation

A

gradually increase in popularity in artifact style; then a gradually decrease in that style when a new style is introduced. “Battleship curves”: popularity curves like a diamond; Problem: you can’t tell which style is first

38
Q

Cross-dating

A

Artifacts of known age or date from one area are found in another area of unknown age; Problem: conservatory process; keep artifacts in systemic context longer than usual

39
Q

Age area hypothesis

A

Artifacts are invented only once and then spread from the center of origin; the farther you are from the center, the more recent in time; the worst type!

40
Q

Types of Chronometric dating techniques

A

Radiocarbon dating, Obsidian hydration, Archaeomagnetism

41
Q

Radiocarbon dating

A

14 Carbon; N14 > C14 (protons)> N14 (beta particle); Every 5730 years more or less; Half of carbon left, half disappears; dating death of death of a organism; After 50,000 no more C14> N; Indirect method: burn it to see how many carbons are left based on decay events

42
Q

Assumptions for Radiocarbon dating

A
  1. No difference in rations of 14C/12C in atmosphere at any given time; 2. No difference in decay rate; 3. No difference in the C14-C12 ration in atmosphere through time > False> 1973 confirmed and fixed; 4. No difference in C14/ C12 in aquatics versus aerobic environments> False; 5. Carbon is contemporary
43
Q

AMS

A

Spins the carbon around that separates C14 and C12; direct measurement of C14 and C12

44
Q

Obsidian Hydration

A

glass absorbs moisture at a given rate

45
Q

Factors the determine rate of absorption

A
  1. Mineral composition; 2. Heat- the heater, the faster; 3.pressure- more pressure, faster the rate; 4. Acid/ Base in soil (pH): higher/ lower the pH the faster the erosion; atmosphere moisture (humidity) does not affect the rate
46
Q

Archeomagnetism

A

Magnetic north changes over time

47
Q

Types of Absolute dating

A

Calendar, Dendrochronology

48
Q

Dendrochronology

A

Tree ring dating; Master sequence for each species and valley; problem: reclamation (process by which artifacts are taken from A.C. back into the S.C.

Archaeology (1 decks)

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