Test #2 Flashcards
Compounds that help protect he body’s cells from the damaging effects of the normal oxygenation process. Vitamins A, C, E, and beta-carotene and selenium are antioxidants.
Antioxidants
A type of fat found in many processed foods. During the manufacturing process of hydrogenation, some fatty acid molecules become rearranged into transfats. Food typically high in transfats include margarine, crackers, cookies, doughnuts, French fries, chips, and candy.
Trans Fatty Acids
Is used to adjust exercise intensity. You should be able to talk with a friend while exercising. If you are too breathless to talk, you are exercising too hard.
Talk Test
A method of measuring exercise intensity developed by Gunnar Borg. Using this method, exercisers are able to sense (or perceive) their exercise intensity levels accurately
RPE
A condition of excessive overloading of fitness activities, resulting in nagging injuries. It often means doing too much, too soon- before the body is ready. The body muscles must be given time to adapt gradually to new demands with gradual overloading
Overuse
Considered the bad form of cholesterol because it more easily attaches to the blood vessel wall, thereby increasing the atherosclerotic process
LDL
The body fat required for normal functioning. This fat is stored in major body organs and tissues such as the heart, muscles, intestines, the nervous system,and breasts.
Essential Fats
The number of years a person is expected to live in good health.
Healthy Life Expectancy
A process in which new blood vessels develop to nourish the areas of the heart muscle that are starved oxygen and other nutrients
Collateral Circulation
Thickening and hardening of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Chemicals, such as calcium, potassium, and sodium, dissolved in blood or cellular fluids that act as a vital messenger for many bodily processes. Electrolytes are essential for example, in maintaining heart rhythm and kidney function; dehydration and certain drugs can disrupt electrolyte balance.
Electrolytes
Lifestyle diseases resulting from inadequate physical fitness. Examples are heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, stroke, back pain, and cancer
Hypokinetic Disease
SInglet oxygen molecules that can produce tissue and cellular damage.
Free Radicals
A polyunsaturated fat that is prevalent in fish
Omega 3
“Plant chemicals” that we consume when we eat vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, garlic, soy, and green tea. Regular consumption of these natural pigments and enzymes helps protect us against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
Phytochemicals
Pain that sometimes occurs on the side of the body just below the ribs during vigorous exercise. A variety of conditions may contribute to this spasm of the diaphragm-poor conditioning, shallow breathing, inadequate warm-up, and exercising too soon after eating
Side Stich
Minerals needed in small amounts. Examples are iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and flouride
Trace Minerals
An excessive accumulation of baby fat. A woman with over 30 percent body or a man with over 25 percent body fat is considered obese, Having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or over
Obesity
The part of the plant food that is not digested in the small intestine. It helps the movement of solid waste through the digestive tract
Fiber
Considered to be the good form of cholesterol because of its dense structure. It cleans out plaque and debris (e.g. atherosclerotic buildup) from the blood vessel walls.
HDL
The resting blood pressure and is the force of blood against the artery wall when the heart relaxes between beats. It is recorded as the lower number
Diastolic BP
A type of arteriosclerosis and is a progressive condition that results in a buildup of plaque in blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis
A manufacturing process in which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fats, making hem more saturated. Manufacturers use hydrogenated oils to extend the shelf life of products. Consumption of hydrogenated oils has been shown to increase blood cholesterol levels.
Hydrogenation
Minerals needed in large doses (more than 100 mg daily) Examples are calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
Macrominerals
The greatest amount of oxygen that can be used by the body during intense exercise.
VO2 Max
