Test 2 Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria or Archaea. DNA Spreads through much of the cell. Much Smaller in size. Always single celled, only one type of organelle. No nucleus.
Eukaryote Cells
Membrane bound. Nucleus, Organelles, Cytosol, Cytoskeleton, Plasma Membrane.
Organelles
Highly organized structures within the cell that carry out specialized functions.
Cytosol
The jelly like fluid outside the nucleus in which most organelles are immersed.
Cytoplasm
The region of the cell inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton
A network protein filaments that have diverse functions.
The Plasma Membrane
The outer lining of the cell
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Microbiology
Robert Hooke
Had Christopher Cock of London manufactured the first microscope
Cells
With the expect ion to viruses every form of life earth is either a cell or composed of a cell. All living things are made up of cells, all cells come from precious cells
What is energy
The capacity to do work. A measure of disorder of randomness
Potential Energy
Stored Energy
Kinetic
Energy in motion
One Mole of Glucose(180 grams)
686 Calories
Exergonic Reactions
Release energy, products contain less energy than the reactants
Endergonic Reactions
require energy, products contain more energy than the reactants
The 1st law of thermodynamics
Energy is never created or destroyed but is only transformed.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics
energy transfer always results in a greater amount of disorder in the universe
Coupled Reaction
A chemical reaction in which an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction
ATP
the most important energy transfer molecule in living things. Drives chemical reactions by donating one of its three phosphate groups to them. ATP becomes the two phosphate molecule adenosine diphosphate (ADP). To become ATP ADP must have a third phosphate group attached to it.
Enzyme
A type of protein that accelerates the rate at which a chemical reaction takes places in an organism.
Activation Energy
The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
Metabolic Pathway
A set of enzymatically controlled steps that results in the completion of a product or process in an organism.
Allosteric Regulation
The regulation of an enzyme’s activity by means of molecule binding to a site on the enzyme other than its active site
Active Transport
any movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane that requires the expenditure of energy
Passive Transport
any movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane that does not require the expenditure of energy
