Test 2 Flashcards
BORH(early English policing)
In England, the first form of policing was voluntary, we’re 12 men would make sure everyone behaved. If someone committed a crime the others would bring them to justice.
Frankpledge system(1066)
Introduced in the Normans, men over 12 were grouped in 10 tithings. They had to bring criminals from their group to justice.
The Hundred man.
A leader of 10 tithings, considered one of the first real police officers.
The Parish constable.
Unarmed, unpaid, and part-time officers,usually elected, then appointed in 1617.
The Shire reeves.
Latter known as sheriffs, they supervised large areas ensuring order. They were pointed by the crown or landlord.
Metropolitan police act (1829)
Established London’s first formal police force created by sir Robert peel considered the father of modern policing.
Early policing.
With No trained officers, sharifs handled many tasks like corrupt criminals, serving subpoenas, and collecting taxes.
Night watch(1630s, Boston)
The first organized night patrol to maintain peace, but it was infected due to corruption, lack of respect, and limited authority.
First permitted night watch(1838, Boston)
Boston established the first permitted night patrol, making a new step toward personal policing
August Vollmer
Father of American policing, reformed police with a focus on education, training, and ethics.
Lucy gray(1880s)
LA police matron, created a position for helping children and women.
Alice stebbins wells(1910)
First full-time female officer with arrest powers in LA.
African American officers
Early African-American officers at limited responsibilities, worked in plain clothes, and were assigned only to black neighborhoods.
Watchman Style:
Focus on maintaining order and peace, informal
Legalistic style:
Focused on enforcing the law strictly
Service style:
Focus on helping the community and service-oriented policing
Team policing:
Police and community work together as a team to solve problems.
Community policing:
Focuses on crime prevention and working closely with the community to identify and saw problems.
FBI (Federal bureau investigation)
Protect the US against terrorist threats, enforces criminal laws, and provide leadership in criminal justice.
State Agencies:
Can be centralized (handle multiple functions), or D centralized(focus on specific roles like traffic)
Community policing challenges:
Difficult to measure effectiveness and officers except nontraditional methods of policing
Fusion centers
These centers help different law-enforcement agencies work together to share intelligence and respond to threats like terrorism.
On-the job dangers
Police face risk such as violence and stress on the job.
Officer stress
High stress leading to health problems in person struggles
Use of deadly force
Controversial with stretch guidelines for when it’s allowed
Knapp commission(1970s):
investigated NYPD corruption, fighting two types of officers
Grass eaters: look at bribes and don’t engage corruption
Meat eaters: who are actively involved in corruption
Corruption:
Abusive police power for personal gain.
Police misconduct:
Include legal activities like bribery, theft, and perjury.
Definition:
Protect police from civil suits unless they violated clearly established laws.
Impact:
Makes it hard for civilians to sue police for misconduct.
Federal agencies
FBI, DEA, ICE, and secret service
State/local agencies:
Departments like NYPD and LAPD
Police training
Requires physical, psychological, and academic testing.
Patrol:
The core of police work, preventing and responding to a crime.
Investigation:
Specials roles like undercover work for experienced officers.
Command:
Chief of police isn’t charged managing all aspects of the department.
Security and solitary:
Please often have a tight-knit, secretive culture.
Police stress and health:
High risk of physical and mental health issues due to stress on the job.
Police civil liberty:
Misuse of deadly force false arrest
