Test 2 Flashcards
Chapter 5 and 6
CPU (central processing unit)
The brain in processors and memory. Reads data and instruction from memory and stores results in memory.
MCC (memory controller chip)
data exchange between memory and cpu. Cpu says which row of random access memory it wants and mcc gives it to cpu.
Volatile storage device
Temporary. RAW (unprocessed data) is the only kind of data storage that directly accesses CPU.
Non volatile storage device
Permanently. Ex magnetic disks (hard drive)/optical disks (CD/DVD)
Bit
Smallest unit of storage. Stores just 0 or 1. To represent: electric pulses(for cables), light beams (fiber optic) and radio waves (wireless connections).
Byte
Collection of 8 bits. Ex 01011010. Can store one character eg ‘A’.
Storage capacity (small to large)
byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte, zettabyte (b,k,m,g,t,p,e,z)
Server farm
Racks of servers (data center) ex: racks of dell power edge software servers
internet of things
objects connected to internet so can interact with devices, applications and services
operating system vs application programs
operating system= programs controlling client or servers computer system.
application program= processed on client or server computers.
major operating systems
(non mobile clients) windows most popular; (mobile clients) IOS; (servers) windows and Linux
site license, license vs open source
Site license= flat fee to install software product on all company computers or computers at specific site; license= right to use specified number of copies; open source= no license fee (firefox ex)
native app
Application developed to run on particular platform or device. Ex Apple app store. Take advantage of operating system features installed on that platform.
web app
Application designed to run on any device or browser.
How many patterns can one byte make?
256
Why IS uses bit?
simple, most efficient way to represent and manipulate data using 2 state nature of electronic components.
Native applications development languages etc
Objective-C, Java; professional programmers specific operating system, high skill, high difficulty,
Web applications development languages etc
html5, css3; not related to specific operating system; low to high skill; easy to hard difficulty
Collaboration vs cooperation
Collab= feedback and iteration.
3 criteria for successful collab?
Successful outcome, growth in team capability, meaningful and satisfying experience.
4 primary purposes of collab?
Become informed, make decisions, solve problems, manage projects
More on making decisions for collaboration
structured vs unstructured and operational, managerial and strategic. Unstructured strategic need most collab.
requirements for collab in IS
Hardware, software, data and metadata, procedures and people.
What is the cloud
Elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet.
Whats elastic and pooled
Elastic= auto adjusts for unpredictable demand- limits financial risks. Pooled= same physical hardware, economies of scale.
Positives of cloud
Small capital requirements, speedy development, known cost structure, not becoming outdated, security/disaster preparedness.
Negatives of the cloud
dependency on vendor, loss of control over data location, little visibility into true security preparedness capabilities.
IAAS (infrastructure as a service)
Ex: buying a car; you manage applications, data, runtime, middleware, OS; vendors manage virtualization, servers, storage, network
PAAS (platform as a service)
Ex: renting a car; you manage applications, data- vendors manage rest
SAAS (software as a service)
Ex: taxing a taxi; vendors manage all
Most basic cloud offering
IAAS because users manage a lot of lots of flexibility.
Content delivery network
Stores user data in many diff geographical locations and makes data available on demand.
Benefits of CDN
Decreased load time, reduced loan on origin server, increased reliability, protection from DoS attacks, reduced delivery costs, pay as you go
Basic network types- PAN (personal area network)
Devices connected around a single person. Ex: connecting smartphone to bluetooth
Basic network types- LAN (Local area network)
Computers connected at single physical site. Ex: wifi
Basic network types- WAN (Wide area network)
Computers connected between 2 or more separate sites. Ex: corporation with offices in multiple cities connected thro WAN (Vpns for ex)
Basic network types- The internet of internets
Network of networks ex: incorporating networks of all sizes (includes PAN, LAN and WANs)
How internet works
Packet (like a package), domain name (like a persons name), IP address (like a mailing address), TCP (registered mail), carriers (airlines)
Domain name
Unique name affiliated with public IP address (ex www.bigbank.com)
Packet
formatted message passing thro networks
TCP (transmission control protocol)
Core internet protocol guaranteeing reliable delivery of packets.
IP address
Number identifying particular device on network (ex 192)
Firewall
network security system (hardware& software) protecting the network
Web server
stores, processes and delivers web pages to clients
Router
Device forwarding packets between computer networks of the internet
Switch
Device forwarding packets between computer networks of the internet but inside network of certain company.
Public cloud
All (hardware, software) owned and operated by cloud service provider. Operated on multiple users ex Amazon Web services.
Private cloud
One organization has exclusive use of cloud, referred to as on premise private data center. One user- never shared.
5 forces of industry structure
Bargaining power of customers, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, rivalry
Porters 4 competitive strategies= Industry wide
Across industry
Porters 4 competitive strategies= Cost
Low cost
Porters 4 competitive strategies= Differentiation
Unique services
Porters 4 competitive strategies= Focus
Within industry segment
Value chain
Competitive strats need system with benefits outweighing risks. Network of value creating activities divided into into primary activities and support activities.
Value
Amount of money a customer is willing to spend on product.
Margin
Value activity generates-cost of activity.
Principles of competitive advantage
Product implementations- create new product, enhance, differentiate product. Process implementations- lock in customers, lock in suppliers, raise barriers to market entry, establish alliances, reduce costs.
Primary vs support activities in value chain
Primary directly create value (ex: producing drones) secondary enable primary activities (ex: investigate new technology)
Virtual machine
Ex: top blue part of microsoft edge
