Test 2 Flashcards
Jon was recently demoted because he was late to work for the third day in a row. According to Expectancy Theory, the demotion is a _______ level outcome and coming into work late is a _______ level outcome.
second, first
Jerbina works long hours because she wants supervisor approval. The attractiveness of her supervisor’s approval best describes _______ in Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (the Expectancy Model).
valence
Mika really likes the working conditions and benefits package at her company. According to Motivator-Hygiene Theory, Mika should feel __________.
not dissatisfied
Scientists who have obtained more than five patents for their company are honored during creativity week with plaques, statues, and other prizes. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Unocal can be best described as trying to meet these employees’ _________ needs.
a. Self-actualization
b. Belongingness
c. Valence
d. Physiological
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
Procedural justice Theory examines the impact of _______ on perceptions of fairness.
processes
According to Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Model, which of the following would be considered a hygiene factor?
a. The work itself
b. Working conditions
c. Recognition
d. Responsibility
b. Working conditions
Although her company says they give bonuses for high performance, Kiki hears from her co-workers that the company hardly ever gives a bonus. Her co-worker explains “It’s not that they don’t give the bonus for high performance, it’s just that people can’t reach the performance level.”
If Kiki believes her co-workers, this will have the greatest effect on ________.
expectancy
Over a period of several months, Wendy has repeatedly tried to make friends with other workers at the plant. They have rejected her. According to Alderfer’s ERG model, we can expect Wendy to _______.
a. Seek a promotion as soon as possible
b. Continue to strive to make friends at the plant
c. Focus on her pay, working conditions, and benefits
d. A and C
e. Ride her bike to Mexico
b. Continue to strive to make friends at the plant
Jubina pictures farmers wearing caps, bib overalls, and work boots. While Jubina was out shopping one day, a man wearing a hat, bib overalls, and work boots asked for her directions. Although Jubina had heard that most people in Champaign-Urbana work for the university, hospitals, or factories, she assumed he was a farmer. Jubina was using the ________ heuristic.
representativeness
Kathleen can only think of a few instances in which customers have had serious problems with her salespeople. So, she concludes that customers frequently get great service and that no training is necessary. This is most likely an example of the _______ ________.
availability heuristic
Paco is pressed for time and chooses a solution to a problem that is easy to identify and achieve. Paco can be best described as _______.
a. Using the classical model of decision-making
b. Framing
c. Satisficing
d. Ignoring sunk costs
e. None of the above
c. Satisficing
When trying solve an organizational problem, Kiko engages in satisficing. Which of the following is TRUE? She is…
a. Following a prescriptive model
b. Not constrained by bounded rationality
c. Following the classical decision-making model
d. Following a descriptive model
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
True or False:
According to lecture, overconfidence is commonly seen with easy items.
True
The _ approach would be the most time-consuming approach to decision-making
a. Availability
b. Sunk cost
c. Algorithmic
d. Representativeness
e. Time bandit
c. Algorithmic
Jerby instructs all her managers to show high levels of consideration and low levels of initiating structure. To which leadership theory/model is Jerby referring?
a. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
b. The Vroom-Yetton Model
c. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
d. Path-Goal Theory
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
Bort is a high LPC leader. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, Bort would be most effective in ______ ______ situations.
moderately favorable
Bobo wants to develop the best traits of leadership. Which of the following should he NOT focus on?
a. Honesty and integrity
b. Intelligence
c. Self-confidence
d. Dogmatism
e. Drive
d. Dogmatism
Gigi sees herself as a no-nonsense type of manager. She focuses on motivating and directing her employees primarily through contingent reward-based exchanges. Gigi can be best described as a ______ leader.
transactional
Which of the following is a leadership style in the Vroom-Yetton Leadership model?
a. Autocratic
b. Delegated
c. Consultative
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
If a low LPC is in a moderately favorable situation, what does Fiedler recommend that he/she do?
a. Change his/her style to high LPC
b. Don’t change anything about the situation
c. Change leader-member relations
d. Quit
e. All the above
c. Change leader-member relations
True or False:
According to lecture, transformational leadership is more transitory than transactional leadership.
False
Who would be a leadership neutralizer?
a. Jerby – who has low intrinsic motivation
b. Juby – who has low skills
c. Nam – who is intelligent
d. Jerby and Juby
e. Juby and Nam
d. Jerby and Juby
Rica makes sure that her employees believe they can attain their work goals and perform at high levels. Rica can best be described as following _______.
a. The Ohio State Studies
b. Trait Theory
c. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
d. House’s Path-Goal Theory
e. The Great Man Theory
d. House’s Path-Goal Theory
After obtaining the necessary information from her employees, Mika makes a decision herself. According to the Vroom-Yetton model, Mika is using a(n) _______ leadership style.
a. Group
b. Autocratic
c. Initiating structure
d. Consideration
e. Directive
f. Consultative
f. Consultative
Which of the following leaders is most likely to be charismatic?
a. Diti – who is a low LPC leader
b. Bort – who is a transformative leader
c. Jerby – who is a transactional leader
d. Homer – who is a leadership substitute
b. Bort – who is a transformative leader
Which of the following leadership theories focuses on the unique relationship that develops between a leader and each of his/her followers?
a. Vroom-Yetton
b. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
c. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
d. Leadership Substitutes
c. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Which of the following is a Need Theory of motivation?
a. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
b. Equity Theory
c. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
d. MBO
e. None of the above
c. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Nam works hard at the lumber mill to be able to provide herself with a stable income to buy food and clothing. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Nam is focusing on _______ needs.
physiological
Pete recently earned an award at the factory because he never made a defective widget. According to Expectancy Theory, the award is a ______ level outcome and never producing a defective widget is a ______ level outcome.
second, first
Bacon recently satisfied his esteem needs at work. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Bacon will be most motivated to meet _______ needs.
self-actualization
Morika finds that her company is not meeting her hygiene needs. According to the Motivator-Hygiene Theory, Morika is likely to feel _______.
dissatisfied
Diti is at a managerial training seminar and is told the following: “Managers should be sure that the desired levels of performance set for employees can be attained.” To which component of Vroom’s Expectancy Theory does this refer?
a. Valence
b. Expectancy
c. Instrumentality
d. Force
e. Outcomes
b. Expectancy
The following 9 corporations were ranked by Fortune Magazine to be among the 500 largest U.S.-based firms, according to sales volume for 1987:
- Group A: Gillette, Coca-Cola, Lever Brothers, Apple, & Hershey Foods
- Group B: Weyerhaeuser, Northup, CPC International, & Campion International
When asked which group (A or B) had the largest total sales, most guess Group A because they can’t recall much about Group B. The correct answer was B. This is most likely because of the ______ ______.
availability heuristic
Which decision-making model assumes that employees have access to all the information they need to make a decision and that the choose the best decision possible?
a. Administrative decision-making
b. Classical
c. Bounded rationality
d. Satisficing
e. Sunk cost
b. Classical
Which of the following models is a poor descriptor of how people actually make decisions in organizations?
a. Administrative decision-making model
b. Classical model
c. Bounded rationality
d. Satisficing
b. Classical model
True or False:
Bounded rationality suggests that high quality decision-making is uninfluenced by irrelevant or fleeting considerations.
false
Juby is experiencing a lot of stress at work because her supervisors are asking her to do conflicting activities. Juby can be best described as experiencing role
a. Conflict
b. Overload
c. Underload
d. Ambiguity
e. None of the above
a. Conflict
Diti has an ulcer because of too much stress. An ulcer is a _______ effect of stress.
physiological
Although Jon is not aware of it, the constant stress that he has been under at work is wearing his body down. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, Jon is most likely in the _______ stage.
resistance
Paco will most likely perform the worst at his job under _______ levels of stress.
high and low
When Homer feels stressed at work, he goes to Moe’s Tavern to talk with Moe, Lenny, and Carl. Homer is using an ______ ______ coping strategy.
emotion focused
Which of the following is an emotion-focused coping strategy for individuals?
a. Time management
b. Getting help from a mentor
c. Role negotiation
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
Your boss asks you to assess situational favorability in your department. Which of the following theories/models would be most helpful?
a. The Ohio State Studies
b. The Vroom-Yetton model
c. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
d. Leader-Member Exchange Theory
e. None of the above
c. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
Mork is a high LPC leader. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, Mork would be most effective in _______ _______ situations.
moderately favorable
True or False:
Transactional leaders rely heavily upon developmental consideration.
false
Jerbina asks you to tell her about the behavioral approaches to leadership. In order to answer her correctly, you should tell her about…
a. Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
b. The Great Man Theory
c. The Ohio State Studies
d. The Vroom-Yetton model
e. None of the above
c. The Ohio State Studies
According to lecture, which of the following was identified as an important trait for leader success?
a. Dominance
b. Extroversion
c. Compassion
d. Deceit
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
True or False:
Leaders tend to have a somewhat higher intelligence than their subordinates.
true
Apu wants to know his leadership style. According to Fiedler’s Contingency theory, Apu should use the ______ scale.
LPC
